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I'm only number two in the firm

  • 1 ♦ number

    ♦ number /ˈnʌmbə(r)/
    n.
    1 ( anche mat.) numero; cifra: cardinal [ordinal] numbers, numeri cardinali [ordinali]; even [odd] numbers, numeri pari [dispari]; in round numbers, in cifra tonda; total number, numero complessivo; We live at No. 42 Oxford Street, abitiamo al numero 42 di Oxford Street; DIALOGO → - On the bus- Take a number 22 to Putney Bridge, then get a 295, prendi il numero 22 fino a Putney Bridge e poi prendi il 295; I was number 5 in the race, nella corsa avevo il numero 5; I wear number 8 shoes, porto scarpe numero 8 (in Italia, 37/38); in number, di numero; They were ten in number, erano dieci di numero; erano in dieci; reference number, numero di riferimento
    2 numero; quantità indeterminata: a number of, parecchi, diversi: A number of employees have been sacked lately, di recente sono stati licenziati parecchi dipendenti; to increase the number of members, aumentare il numero dei soci; any number of times, cento (o mille) volte: I've told you any number of times not to do it, te l'ho detto mille volte di non farlo; a large (o a great) number of, un buon numero di, un gran numero di; numerosi, molti; a small number (o small numbers) of, uno scarso numero di; pochi
    3 (telef.) numero (telefonico): What's your phone number?, qual è il tuo numero di telefono?; Wrong number!, (Lei) ha sbagliato numero!; It was just a wrong number, era qualcuno che ha sbagliato numero
    5 numero ( di giornale o rivista); dispensa; puntata: a back number, un numero arretrato; Novels used to be issued in numbers, una volta i romanzi uscivano a dispense (o a puntate)
    7 (mus.) brano; pezzo; canzone ( di una raccolta): He sang a few numbers from his latest album, ha cantato alcuni brani del suo ultimo album
    8 (ind. tess.) titolo ( di un filato)
    9 (lett.) ritmo; numero (lett.)
    10 (lett.) (pl.) versi; piedi; metri, metrica
    11 (pl.) numerose persone; molti: Numbers died in the retreat, molti perirono nella ritirata; There are numbers who live by begging, c'è una quantità di gente che vive di accattonnaggio
    12 ( sport) pettorale ( di cavallo da corsa, di sciatore, ecc.): He was number five in the ski race, aveva il cinque come pettorale nella gara di sci
    13 (fam.) oggetto, cosa, lavoro, vestito da donna, ecc., piacevole o pregevole ( a seconda dell'antecedente o di quel che segue): This restaurant is really a classy number, questo è proprio un ristorante di classe; Your sister's little number is by Armani, il bel vestitino di tua sorella è di Armani
    14 ( slang) tipo; tizio; individuo: Any number in the information office can tell you, qualsiasi impiegato dell'ufficio informazioni te lo sa dire; Who's that cute little number in a red dress?, chi è quel bel tipino vestito di rosso?; a hot number, un uomo (o una donna) sexy; un tipo arrapante (fam.)
    16 ( slang USA) – the numbers, (il racket delle) lotterie clandestine: a numbers banker, il gestore di una lotteria clandestina
    ● (comput.) number code, codice numerico □ (fam.) number-cruncher, grosso computer, grande calcolatore; ( anche) attuario, ragioniere □ (fam.) number-crunching, (agg.) che fa calcoli complessi; (sost.) il fare calcoli complessi; ( anche) materie scientifiche ( a scuola) □ ( rugby) number eight, il numero otto ( il giocatore) □ number on roll, numero delle persone iscritte □ (fam.) number one, (sost.) il numero uno, il capo, il boss; stretto collaboratore, direttore; io stesso, me stesso; ( sport) protagonista assoluto; ( slang USA) omicidio di primo grado; ( slang eufem. USA) la pipì; (volg. USA) «lui», il pene; (agg.) numero uno; principale, preminente; assoluto: After all, you are number one!, dopotutto, sei tu il capo!; I leave these matters to my number one, queste faccende le delego al mio direttore; I'm thinking of number one!, sto pensando a me stesso!; to look after (o to take care of) number one, pensare solo a (o prendersi cura solo di) sé stesso; public enemy number one, il nemico pubblico numero uno; my number one problem, il mio problema principale; number one priority, priorità assoluta □ (autom.) number plate, targa □ (mat., stat.) number series, serie numerica □ ( USA) number sign, simbolo \#; cancelletto □ (mat.) number system, sistema numerico □ (in GB) No. 10 ( Downing Street), il numero 10 di Downing Street; la residenza ufficiale del Primo Ministro, a Londra □ (fig.) Number Ten, il premier (o il governo) britannico □ (fam.) number two, il numero due; il secondo per importanza; il luogotenente; ( slang eufem. USA) la popò: I'm only number two in the firm, non sono che il numero due dell'azienda □ beyond number, innumerevoli □ cushy number, (posto di) lavoro di tutto riposo; grande pacchia (fam.) □ to do a number, fare un numero ( in uno spettacolo, ecc.) □ (fam.) to do one's number, fare il solito numero, la solita tirata (fig.): Keep off the subject of marriage, or he'll start doing his number about the death of love, non toccare l'argomento del matrimonio, se non vuoi che lui faccia la solita menata sulla fine dell'amore! □ ( slang USA) to do a number on sb., fare un brutto tiro a q.; fregare q. (pop.) □ (fam.) to have sb. 's number, prendere (bene) le misure a q.; conoscere il punto debole di q. □ any number of, moltissimi, numerosissimi □ (aeron.) flight number, numero del volo □ in the number, nel novero (lett.); nel gruppo: He isn't in our number, non fa parte del nostro gruppo; non è dei nostri □ times without number, innumerevoli volte □ (fam.) His number is up (o has come up), per lui è finita; è suonata la sua ora ( sarà punito, ecc.); è (già) morto.
    NOTA D'USO: - a number of- (to) number /ˈnʌmbə(r)/
    v. t.
    1 numerare; dare un numero a: Let's number the pages of our manuscript, numeriamo le pagine del nostro manoscritto!
    2 annoverare; contare; includere: to number sb. among one's friends, annoverare q. fra i propri amici; The town numbers 40,000 inhabitants, la città conta 40 000 abitanti
    3 ammontare a; essere ( di numero); arrivare a ( un numero): Check-ups number in the hundreds, vi sono centinaia di controlli medici
    4 (ind. tess.) titolare
    ● (mil.) to number off, dire a voce alta il proprio numero di matricola ( in una formazione) □ ( slang eufem. USA) to number one, fare la pipì □ ( slang eufem. USA) to number two, fare la popò; fare la grossa (pop.).

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ number

  • 2 up

    1. adverb
    1) (to higher place) nach oben; (in lift) aufwärts

    [right] up to something — (lit. or fig.) [ganz] bis zu etwas hinauf

    up into the air — in die Luft [hinauf]...

    climb up on something/climb up to the top of something — auf etwas (Akk.) [hinauf]steigen/bis zur Spitze einer Sache hinaufsteigen

    the way up [to something] — der Weg hinauf [zu etwas]

    on the way up — (lit. or fig.) auf dem Weg nach oben

    up here/there — hier herauf/dort hinauf

    high/higher up — hoch/höher hinauf

    halfway/a long/little way up — den halben Weg/ein weites/kurzes Stück hinauf

    come on up! — komm [hier/weiter] herauf!

    up it etc. comes/goes — herauf kommt/hinauf geht es usw.

    up you go! — rauf mit dir! (ugs.)

    2) (to upstairs, northwards) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich); nach oben

    come up from London to Edinburgh — von London nach Edinburgh [he]raufkommen

    3) (to place regarded as more important)

    go up to Leeds from the country — vom Land in die Stadt Leeds od. nach Leeds fahren

    4) (Brit.): (to capital) rein (bes. ugs.); herein/hinein (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    go up to town or London — nach London gehen/fahren

    get up to London from Reading — von Reading nach London [he]reinfahren

    5) (in higher place, upstairs, in north) oben

    up here/there — hier/da oben

    an order from high up — (fig.) ein Befehl von ganz oben (ugs.)

    halfway/a long/little way up — auf halbem Weg nach oben/ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben

    live four floors or storeys up — im vierten Stockwerk wohnen

    his flat is on the next floor up — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk höher

    up north — oben im Norden (ugs.)

    6) (erect) hoch

    keep your head up — halte den Kopf hoch; see also academic.ru/12509/chin">chin

    7) (out of bed)
    8) (in place regarded as more important; Brit.): (in capital)

    up in town or London/Leeds — in London/Leeds

    prices have gone/are up — die Preise sind gestiegen

    butter is up [by...] — Butter ist [...] teurer

    10) (including higher limit)

    up to — bis... hinauf

    up to midday/up to £2 — bis zum Mittag/bis zu 2 Pfund

    11) (in position of gain)

    we're £300 up on last year — wir liegen 300 Pfund über dem letzten Jahr

    the takings were £500 up on the previous month — die Einnahmen lagen 500 Pfund über denen des Vormonats

    12) (ahead)

    be three points/games/goals up — (Sport) mit drei Punkten/Spielen/Toren vorn liegen

    13) (as far as)

    up to here/there — bis hier[hin]/bis dorthin

    I've had it up to here — (coll.) mir steht es bis hier [hin] (ugs.)

    up to now/then/that time/last week — bis jetzt/damals/zu jener Zeit/zur letzten Woche

    14)

    up to — (comparable with)

    be up to expectation[s] — den Erwartungen entsprechen

    15)

    up to — (capable of)

    [not] be/feel up to something — einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen sein/sich einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen fühlen

    [not] be/feel up to doing something — [nicht] in der Lage sein/sich nicht in der Lage fühlen, etwas zu tun

    16)

    up to — (derog.): (doing)

    what is he up to? — was hat er [bloß] vor?

    17)

    it is [not] up to somebody to do something — (somebody's duty) es ist [nicht] jemandes Sache, etwas zu tun

    it is up to us to help them — es ist unsere Pflicht, ihnen zu helfen

    now it's up to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

    it's/that's up to you — (is for you to decide) es/das hängt von dir ab; (concerns only you) es/das ist deine Sache

    18) (close)

    up against somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas [lehnen]; an jemanden/etwas [stellen]

    sit up against the wall — mit dem Rücken zur od. an der Wand sitzen

    be up against a problem/difficulty — etc. (coll.) vor einem Problem/einer Schwierigkeit usw. stehen

    20)

    up and down — (upwards and downwards) hinauf und hinunter; (to and fro) auf und ab

    be up and down — (coll.): (variable) Hochs und Tiefs haben

    21) (facing upwards)

    ‘this side/way up’ — (on box etc.) "[hier] oben"

    turn something this/the other side/way up — diese/die andere Seite einer Sache nach oben drehen

    the right/wrong way up — richtig/verkehrt od. falsch herum

    22) (finished, at an end) abgelaufen
    2. preposition
    1) (upwards along, from bottom to top) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    up something — etwas (Akk.) hinauf

    5) (at or in higher position in or on) [weiter] oben

    further up the ladder/coast — weiter oben auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    3. adjective
    1) (directed upwards) aufwärts führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach oben; nach oben gerichtet [Kolbenhub]

    up train/line — (Railw.) Zug/Gleis Richtung Stadt

    be up in a subject/on the news — in einem Fach auf der Höhe [der Zeit] sein/über alle Neuigkeiten Bescheid wissen od. gut informiert sein

    3) (coll.): (ready)

    tea['s]/grub['s] up! — Tee/Essen ist fertig!

    4) (coll.): (amiss)
    4. noun in pl.

    the ups and downs — (lit. or fig.) das Auf und Ab; (fig.) die Höhen und Tiefen

    5. intransitive verb,
    - pp- (coll.)

    up and leave/resign — einfach abhauen (ugs.) /kündigen

    he ups and says... — da sagt er doch [ur]plötzlich...

    6. transitive verb,
    - pp- (coll.) (increase) erhöhen; (raise up) heben
    * * *
    (to become covered (as if) with mist: The mirror misted over; The windscreen misted up.) beschlagen
    * * *
    up
    [ʌp]
    I. adv inv
    1. (to higher position) nach oben, hinauf; lift aufwärts
    hands \up! Hände hoch!
    the water had come \up to the level of the windows das Wasser war bis auf Fensterhöhe gestiegen
    four flights \up from here vier Etagen höher
    come on \up! komm [hier] herauf!
    \up it/she etc. comes! herauf kommt es/sie!
    \up you go! rauf mit dir! fam
    bottom \up mit der Unterseite nach oben
    halfway \up auf halber Höhe
    high \up hoch hinauf
    farther \up weiter hinauf
    \up and \up immer höher
    \up and away auf und davon
    2. (erect) aufrecht
    just lean it \up against the wall lehnen Sie es einfach gegen die Wand
    3. (out of bed) auf
    is he \up yet? ist er schon auf?
    to be \up late lange aufbleiben
    \up and about auf den Beinen
    4. (northwards) hinauf, herauf, rauf fam
    on Tuesday she'll be travelling \up to Newcastle from Birmingham am Dienstag fährt sie von Birmingham nach Newcastle hinauf
    she comes \up from Washington about once a month sie kommt ungefähr einmal im Monat aus Washington herauf
    \up north oben im Norden
    farther \up weiter oben
    \up here/there hier/da oben
    a long/little way \up ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben
    \up in the hills [dr]oben in den Bergen
    2 metres \up 2 Meter hoch
    I live on the next floor \up ich wohne ein Stockwerk höher
    6. BRIT (towards city)
    I'll be \up in London this weekend ich fahre an diesem Wochenende nach London
    \up from the country vom Land
    is he \up at Cambridge yet? hat er schon [mit seinem Studium] in Cambridge angefangen?
    8. (toward)
    ▪ \up to sb/sth auf jdn/etw zu
    a limousine drew \up to where we were standing eine Limousine kam auf uns zu
    she went \up to the counter sie ging zum Schalter
    to run \up to sb jdm entgegenlaufen
    to walk \up to sb auf jdn zugehen
    9. (in high position) an der Spitze, oben fam
    as a composer he was \up there with the best als Komponist gehörte er zur Spitze
    she's something high \up in the company sie ist ein hohes Tier in der Firma
    10. (higher in price or number) höher
    last year the company's turnover was £240 billion, \up 3% on the previous year letztes Jahr lag der Umsatz der Firma bei 240 Milliarden Pfund, das sind 3 % mehr als im Jahr davor
    items on this rack are priced [from] £50 \up die Waren in diesem Regal kosten ab 50 Pfund aufwärts
    this film is suitable for children aged 13 and \up dieser Film ist für Kinder ab 13 Jahren geeignet
    11. (to point of)
    \up until [or till] [or to] bis + akk
    \up to yesterday bis gestern
    he can overdraw \up to £300 er kann bis zu 300 Pfund überziehen
    12. (in opposition to)
    to be \up against sb/sth es mit jdm/etw zu tun haben, sich akk mit jdm/etw konfrontiert sehen
    the company was \up against some problems die Firma stand vor einigen Problemen
    to be \up against it in Schwierigkeiten sein
    to be \up against the law gegen das Gesetz stehen, mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt kommen
    13. (depend on)
    to be \up to sb von jdm abhängen
    I'll leave it \up to you ich überlasse dir die Entscheidung
    to be \up to sb to do sth jds Aufgabe sein, etw zu tun
    14. (contrive)
    to be \up to sth etw vorhaben [o im Schilde führen]
    he's \up to no good er führt nichts Gutes im Schilde
    15. (be adequate)
    to be \up to sth einer Sache dat gewachsen sein, bei einer Sache dat mithalten können
    do you feel \up to the challenge? fühlst du dich dieser Herausforderung gewachsen?
    to be \up to doing sth in der Lage sein, etw zu tun
    are you sure you're \up to it? bist du sicher, dass du das schaffst?
    to not be \up to much nicht viel taugen
    his German isn't \up to much sein Deutsch ist nicht besonders gut
    to be \up to expectations den Erwartungen entsprechen
    her latest book is just not \up to her previous successes ihr neuestes Buch reicht an ihren früheren Erfolgen einfach nicht heran
    17. AM (apiece) pro Person
    the score was 3 \up at half-time bei Halbzeit stand es 3 [für] beide
    \up with sb/sth hoch lebe jd/etw
    \up with freedom! es lebe die Freiheit!
    19.
    ▶ it's all \up with sb es ist aus mit jdm
    ▶ to be \up with the clock gut in der Zeit liegen
    ▶ to be \up to the ears [or eyeballs] [or neck] in problems bis zum Hals in Schwierigkeiten stecken
    II. prep
    1. (to higher position) hinauf, herauf, rauf fam
    \up the ladder/mountain/stairs die Leiter/den Berg/die Treppe hinauf
    [just] \up the road ein Stück die Straße hinauf, weiter oben in der Straße
    to walk \up the road die Straße hinaufgehen [o entlanggehen]
    \up and down auf und ab
    he was running \up and down the path er rannte den Pfad auf und ab
    he was strolling \up and down the corridor er schlenderte auf dem Gang auf und ab
    \up and down the country überall im Land
    3. (against flow)
    \up the river/stream fluss-/bachauf[wärts]
    a cruise \up the Rhine eine Fahrt den Rhein aufwärts [o rheinauf[wärts]
    ▪ \up sth oben auf etw dat
    he's \up that ladder er steht dort oben auf der Leiter
    \up the stairs am Ende der Treppe
    5. AUS, BRIT ( fam: to)
    are you going \up the club tonight? gehst du heute Abend in den Klub?; (at)
    I'll see you \up the pub later ich treffe dich [o wir sehen uns] später in der Kneipe
    6.
    ▶ be \up the creek [or ( vulg sl)\up shit creek] [without a paddle] [schön] in der Klemme [o derb Scheiße] sitzen
    ▶ \up hill and down dale bergauf und bergab
    he led me \up hill and down dale till my feet were dropping off er führte mich quer durch die Gegend, bis mir fast die Füße abfielen fam
    ▶ \up top BRIT ( fam) im Kopf
    a man with nothing much \up top ein Mann mit nicht viel im Kopf [o fam Hirnkasten]
    ▶ \up yours! ( vulg) ihr könnt/du kannst mich mal! derb
    III. adj inv
    1. attr (moving upward) nach oben
    the \up escalator der Aufzug nach oben
    what time does the next \up train leave? wann fährt der nächste Zug in die Stadt ab?
    \up platform Bahnsteig, von dem die Züge in die nächstgelegene Stadt abfahren
    \up quark Up-Quark nt
    4. pred (out of bed) auf[gestanden]
    5. pred (erect) collar hochgeschlagen
    6. pred (leading) in Führung
    Manchester is two goals \up Manchester liegt mit zwei Toren in Führung
    7. pred BRIT, AUS (being repaired) road aufgegraben, aufgerissen SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR
    the council has got the road \up der Stadtrat hat die Straße aufgraben lassen
    8. pred (more intense)
    the wind is \up der Wind hat aufgedreht
    the river is \up der Fluss ist angeschwollen
    9. pred (in horseracing) zu Pferd
    10. pred (happy) high sl, obenauf
    ▪ to be \up about [or on] [or for] sth von etw dat begeistert sein
    I'm really \up for spending a posh weekend in Paris ich freue mich total darauf, ein tolles Wochenende in Paris zu verbringen fam
    11. pred BRIT ( dated: frothy) schäumend
    12. pred (functioning properly) funktionstüchtig
    do you know when the server will be \up again? weißt du, wann der Server wieder in Betrieb ist?
    this computer is down more than it's \up dieser Computer ist öfter gestört, als dass er läuft
    to be \up and running funktionstüchtig [o in Ordnung] sein
    to get sth \up and running etw wieder zum Laufen bringen
    13. pred (in baseball) am Schlag
    14. pred (finished) time, hours vorbei, um
    your time is \up! Ihre Zeit ist um!
    the soldier's leave will be \up at midnight der Ausgang des Soldaten endet um Mitternacht
    something is \up irgendetwas ist im Gange
    what's \up? was ist los?
    16. pred (informed)
    ▪ to be \up in sth sich akk mit etw dat auskennen
    how well \up are you in Spanish? wie fit bist du in Spanisch? fam
    17. pred (scheduled)
    ▪ to be \up for sth für etw akk vorgesehen sein; terms zur Debatte stehen
    the house is \up for sale das Haus steht zum Verkauf
    18. pred LAW (on trial) unter Anklage
    he'll be \up before the magistrate er wird sich vor Gericht verantworten müssen
    ▪ to be \up for sth sich akk wegen einer S. gen vor Gericht verantworten müssen
    to be \up for trial person vor Gericht stehen; case verhandelt werden
    19. pred (interested in)
    ▪ to be \up for sth:
    I think I'm \up for a walk ich glaube, ich habe Lust, spazieren zu gehen [o auf einen Spaziergang]
    I'm \up for going out to eat ich hätte Lust, essen zu gehen
    IV. n ( fam: good period) Hoch nt
    unfortunately, we won't always have \ups leider gibt es für uns nicht immer nur Höhen
    \ups and downs gute und schlechte Zeiten
    ▶ to be on the \up and \up BRIT, AUS ( fam: be improving) im Aufwärtstrend begriffen sein; esp AM (be honest) sauber sein fam
    her career has been on the \up and \up since she moved into sales seit sie im Vertrieb ist, geht es mit ihrer Karriere stetig aufwärts
    is this deal on the \up and \up? ist das ein sauberes Geschäft?
    V. vi
    <- pp->
    ( fam)
    ▪ to \up and do sth etw plötzlich tun
    after dinner they just \upped and went without saying goodbye nach dem Abendessen gingen sie einfach weg, ohne auf Wiedersehen zu sagen
    VI. vt
    <- pp->
    ▪ to \up sth
    1. (increase) capacity etw erhöhen
    to \up the ante [or stakes] den Einsatz erhöhen
    to \up a price/tax rate einen Preis/Steuersatz anheben
    2. (raise) etw erheben
    they \upped their glasses and toasted the host sie erhoben das Glas und brachten einen Toast auf den Gastgeber aus
    VII. interj auf!, los, aufstehen!
    * * *
    [ʌp]
    1. ADVERB
    1) indicating position = in high or higher position oben; (= to higher position) nach oben

    up there — dort oben, droben ( liter, S Ger

    on your way up (to see us/them) — auf dem Weg (zu uns/ihnen) hinauf

    he climbed all the way up (to us/them) — er ist den ganzen Weg (zu uns/ihnen) hochgeklettert

    we were 6,000 m up when... — wir waren 6.000 m hoch, als...

    to go a little further up —

    up on top (of the cupboard) — ganz oben (auf dem Schrank)

    up in the mountains/sky — oben or droben ( liter, S Ger ) in den Bergen/am Himmel

    the sun/moon is up —

    the tide is up — es ist Flut, die Flut ist da

    to move up into the lead —

    then up jumps Richard and says... — und dann springt Richard auf und sagt...

    the needle was up at 95 —

    come on, up, that's my chair! up! he shouted to his horse — komm, auf mit dir, das ist mein Stuhl! spring! schrie er seinem Pferd zu

    up yours! (sl) — leck mich (inf), fick dich!(vulg)

    2)

    = installed, built to be up (building) — stehen; (tent also) aufgeschlagen sein; (scaffolding) aufgestellt sein; (notice) hängen, angeschlagen sein; (picture) hängen, aufgehängt sein; (shutters) zu sein; (shelves, wallpaper, curtains, pictures) hängen

    the new houses went up very quickly — die neuen Häuser sind sehr schnell gebaut or hochgezogen (inf) worden __diams; to be up and running laufen; (committee etc) in Gang sein; (business etc) einwandfrei funktionieren

    3) = not in bed auf

    up (with you)! — auf mit dir!, raus aus dem Bett (inf)

    to be up and about — auf sein; (after illness also) auf den Beinen sein

    4) = north oben

    up in Inverness — in Inverness oben, oben in Inverness

    to be/live up north — im Norden sein/wohnen

    to go up north —

    we're up for the day —

    5) = at university Brit am Studienort
    6) in price, value gestiegen (on gegenüber)
    7)

    in score to be 3 goals up — mit 3 Toren führen or vorn liegen (on gegenüber)

    we were £100 up on the deal — wir haben bei dem Geschäft £ 100 gemacht

    8)

    = upwards from £10 up — von £ 10 (an) aufwärts, ab £ 10

    from the age of 13 up — ab (dem Alter von) 13 Jahren, von 13 Jahren aufwärts

    9)

    = wrong inf what's up? —

    what's up with him? — was ist mit dem los?, was ist los mit ihm?

    10) = knowledgeable firm, beschlagen (in, on in +dat)

    he's well up on foreign affairs —

    11)

    = finished time's up — die Zeit ist um, die Zeit ist zu Ende

    to eat/use sth up —

    it's all up with him (inf) — es ist aus mit ihm (inf), es ist mit ihm zu Ende

    12)

    set structures __diams; up against it was up against the wall — es war an die Wand gelehnt

    to be up against a difficulty/an opponent — einem Problem/Gegner gegenüberstehen, es mit einem Problem/Gegner zu tun haben

    I fully realize what I'm up against — mir ist völlig klar, womit ich es hier zu tun habe

    to walk up and down —

    to bounce up and down — hochfedern, auf und ab hüpfen

    he's been up and down all evening (from seat) — er hat den ganzen Abend keine Minute still gesessen; (on stairs) er ist den ganzen Abend die Treppe rauf- und runtergerannt

    to be up before the Court/before Judge Smith (case) — verhandelt werden/von Richter Smith verhandelt werden; (person) vor Gericht/Richter Smith stehen

    to be up for election (candidate) — zur Wahl aufgestellt sein; (candidates) zur Wahl stehen

    to be up for trial — vor Gericht stehen __diams; up to = as far as bis

    up to now/here — bis jetzt/hier

    up to £100 —

    I'm up to here in work/debt (inf) — ich stecke bis hier in Arbeit/Schulden

    he isn't up to running the company by himself — er hat nicht das Zeug dazu, die Firma allein zu leiten

    we're going up Ben Nevis – are you sure you're up to it? — wir wollen Ben Nevis besteigen – glaubst du, dass du das schaffst? __diams; to be up to sb

    if it were up to me —

    the success of this project is up to you now — wie erfolgreich dieses Projekt wird, hängt jetzt nur noch von Ihnen (selbst) ab, es liegt jetzt ganz an Ihnen, ob dieses Projekt ein Erfolg wird

    it's up to you whether you go or not — es liegt an or bei dir or es bleibt dir überlassen, ob du gehst oder nicht

    I'd like to accept, but it isn't up to me — ich würde gerne annehmen, aber ich habe da nicht zu bestimmen or aber das hängt nicht von mir ab

    shall I take it? – that's entirely up to you — soll ich es nehmen? – das müssen Sie selbst wissen

    what colour shall I choose? – (it's) up to you — welche Farbe soll ich nehmen? – das ist deine Entscheidung

    it's up to the government to put this right —

    what have you been up to? — was hast du angestellt?

    he's up to no good —

    I'm sure he's up to something (child) hey you! what do you think you're up to! — ich bin sicher, er hat etwas vor or (sth suspicious) er führt irgendetwas im Schilde ich bin sicher, er stellt irgendetwas an he Sie, was machen Sie eigentlich da!

    what does he think he's up to? — was soll das eigentlich?, was hat er eigentlich vor?

    2. PREPOSITION
    oben auf (+dat); (with movement) hinauf (+acc)

    they live further up the hill/street — sie wohnen weiter oben am Berg/weiter die Straße entlang

    up one's sleeve (position) — im Ärmel; (motion) in den Ärmel

    as I travel up and down the country —

    let's go up the pub/up Johnny's place (inf) — gehen wir doch zur Kneipe/zu Johnny (inf)

    3. NOUN
    __diams; ups and downs gute und schlechte Zeiten pl; (of life) Höhen und Tiefen pl

    he/his career is on the up and up (inf) — mit ihm/seiner Karriere geht es aufwärts

    4. ADJECTIVE
    (= going up) escalator nach oben; (RAIL) train, line zur nächsten größeren Stadt
    5. TRANSITIVE VERB
    (inf) price, offer hinaufsetzen; production ankurbeln; bet erhöhen (to auf +acc)
    6. INTRANSITIVE VERB
    (inf)
    * * *
    up [ʌp]
    A adv
    1. a) nach oben, hoch, herauf, hinauf, in die Höhe, empor, aufwärts
    b) oben (auch fig):
    face up (mit dem) Gesicht nach oben;
    … and up und (noch) höher oder mehr, von … aufwärts;
    up and up höher und höher, immer höher;
    farther up weiter hinauf oder (nach) oben;
    three storeys up drei Stock hoch, (oben) im dritten Stock (-werk);
    a) auf und ab, hin und her oder zurück,
    b) fig überall;
    buttoned all the way up bis oben (hin) zugeknöpft;
    a) (heraus) aus,
    b) von … an, angefangen von …;
    from my youth up von Jugend auf, seit meiner Jugend;
    up till now bis jetzt
    2. weiter (nach oben), höher (auch fig):
    up north weiter im Norden
    3. flussaufwärts, den Fluss hinauf
    4. nach oder im Norden:
    up from Cuba von Kuba aus in nördlicher Richtung
    5. a) in der oder in die ( besonders Haupt)Stadt
    b) Br besonders in oder nach London:
    he’s up for a week Br er ist eine Woche (lang) in London
    6. Br am oder zum Studienort, im College etc:
    7. US umg in (dat):
    up north im Norden
    8. aufrecht, gerade:
    sit up gerade sitzen
    9. up to auf … (akk) zu, zu … (hin):
    he went straight up to the door er ging geradewegs auf die Tür zu oder zur Tür
    10. SPORT etc erzielt (Punktzahl):
    with a hundred up mit hundert (Punkten)
    11. Tischtennis etc: auf:
    two up zwei auf, beide zwei
    12. Baseball: am Schlag
    13. SCHIFF luvwärts, gegen den Wind
    14. up to
    a) hinauf nach oder zu,
    b) bis (zu), bis an oder auf (akk),
    c) gemäß, entsprechend:
    up to six months bis zu sechs Monaten;
    up to town in die Stadt, Br besonders nach London;
    up to death bis zum Tode; → chin A, count1 C 1, date2 A 10, expectation 1, mark1 A 13, par A 3, scratch A 5, standard1 A 6
    15. be up to meist umg
    a) etwas vorhaben, etwas im Schilde führen,
    b) gewachsen sein (dat),
    c) entsprechen (dat),
    d) jemandes Sache sein, abhängen von,
    e) fähig oder bereit sein zu,
    f) vorbereitet oder gefasst sein auf (akk),
    g) vertraut sein mit, sich auskennen in (dat):
    what are you up to? was hast du vor?, was machst du ( there da)?;
    he is up to no good er führt nichts Gutes im Schilde;
    it is up to him es liegt an ihm, es hängt von ihm ab, es ist seine Sache;
    it is not up to much es taugt nicht viel;
    he is not up to much mit ihm ist nicht viel los; → snuff1 C 3, trick A 1, A 2
    16. (in Verbindung mit Verben [siehe jeweils diese] besonders als Intensivum)
    a) auf…, aus…, ver…
    b) zusammen…
    B int up! auf!, hoch!, herauf!, hinauf!:
    up (with you)! (steh) auf!;
    up …! hoch (lebe) …!; → bottom A 1
    C präp
    1. auf … (akk) (hinauf):
    up the ladder die Leiter hinauf;
    up the street die Straße hinauf oder entlang;
    up yours! vulg leck(t) mich (doch)!
    2. in das Innere eines Landes etc (hinein):
    up (the) country landeinwärts
    3. gegen:
    4. oben an oder auf (dat), an der Spitze (gen):
    up the tree (oben) auf dem Baum;
    further up the road weiter oben in der Straße;
    up the yard hinten im Hof
    D adj
    1. Aufwärts…, nach oben gerichtet
    2. im Inneren (des Landes etc)
    3. nach der oder zur Stadt:
    up platform Bahnsteig m für Stadtzüge
    4. a) oben (befindlich), (nach oben) gestiegen
    b) hoch (auch fig):
    be up fig an der Spitze sein, obenauf sein ( → D 6, D 11);
    he is well up in that subject umg in diesem Fach ist er auf der Höhe oder gut beschlagen oder firm;
    prices are up die Preise sind gestiegen;
    wheat is up WIRTSCH der Weizen steht hoch (im Kurs), der Weizenpreis ist gestiegen
    5. höher
    6. auf(gestanden), auf den Beinen (auch fig):
    be up auf sein ( → D 4, D 11);
    be up and about (again) (wieder) auf den Beinen sein;
    be up late lange aufbleiben;
    be up again wieder obenauf sein;
    be up against a hard job umg vor einer schwierigen Aufgabe stehen;
    be up against it umg in der Klemme sein oder sitzen oder stecken
    7. (zum Sprechen) aufgestanden:
    the Home Secretary is up der Innenminister will sprechen oder spricht
    8. PARL Br geschlossen:
    Parliament is up das Parlament hat seine Sitzungen beendet oder hat sich vertagt
    a) aufgegangen (Sonne, Samen)
    b) hochgeschlagen (Kragen)
    c) hochgekrempelt (Ärmel etc)
    d) aufgespannt (Schirm)
    e) aufgeschlagen (Zelt)
    f) hoch-, aufgezogen (Vorhang etc)
    g) aufgestiegen (Ballon etc)
    h) aufgeflogen (Vogel)
    i) angeschwollen (Fuß etc)
    10. schäumend (Getränk):
    the cider is up der Apfelwein schäumt
    11. be up (einwandfrei) funktionieren (Computer) ( → D 4, D 6);
    up time Benutzerzeit f
    12. umg in Aufruhr, erregt:
    his temper is up er ist erregt oder aufgebracht;
    the whole country was up das ganze Land befand sich in Aufruhr; → arm2 Bes Redew, blood A 2
    13. umg los, im Gange:
    what’s up? was ist los?;
    is anything up? ist (irgendet)was los?; → hunt A 1
    14. zu Ende, abgelaufen, vorbei, um:
    it’s all up es ist alles aus;
    it’s all up with him koll es ist aus mit ihm; → game1 A 6, time A 11
    15. up with jemandem ebenbürtig oder gewachsen
    16. up for bereit zu:
    be up for election auf der Wahlliste stehen;
    be up for examination sich einer Prüfung unterziehen;
    be up for murder JUR unter Mordanklage stehen;
    be up for sale zum Kauf stehen;
    a) vor Gericht stehen,
    b) verhandelt werden
    17. SPORT, Spiel: um einen Punkt etc voraus:
    one up for you eins zu null für dich (a. fig)
    E v/i
    1. umg aufstehen, aufspringen:
    up and ask sb jemanden plötzlich fragen
    2. up with US umg etwas hochreißen:
    3. besonders US sl Aufputschmittel nehmen
    F v/t umg einen Preis, die Produktion etc erhöhen
    G s
    1. Aufwärtsbewegung f, An-, Aufstieg m:
    the ups and downs pl das Auf und Ab;
    the ups and downs of life die Höhen und Tiefen des Lebens;
    he has had many ups and downs in his life er hat schon viele Höhen und Tiefen erlebt;
    a) Br im Steigen (begriffen), im Kommen,
    b) US in Ordnung, anständig, ehrlich;
    our firm’s on the up and up Br umg mit unserer Firma geht es aufwärts, unsere Firma ist im Aufwind;
    he’s on the up and up umg er macht keine krummen Touren
    2. umg Preisanstieg m, Wertzuwachs m
    3. besonders US → upper B 4
    * * *
    1. adverb
    1) (to higher place) nach oben; (in lift) aufwärts

    [right] up to something — (lit. or fig.) [ganz] bis zu etwas hinauf

    the bird flew up to the roof — der Vogel flog aufs Dach [hinauf]

    up into the air — in die Luft [hinauf]...

    climb up on something/climb up to the top of something — auf etwas (Akk.) [hinauf]steigen/bis zur Spitze einer Sache hinaufsteigen

    the way up [to something] — der Weg hinauf [zu etwas]

    on the way up — (lit. or fig.) auf dem Weg nach oben

    up here/there — hier herauf/dort hinauf

    high/higher up — hoch/höher hinauf

    halfway/a long/little way up — den halben Weg/ein weites/kurzes Stück hinauf

    come on up! — komm [hier/weiter] herauf!

    up it etc. comes/goes — herauf kommt/hinauf geht es usw.

    2) (to upstairs, northwards) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich); nach oben

    come up from London to Edinburgh — von London nach Edinburgh [he]raufkommen

    4) (Brit.): (to capital) rein (bes. ugs.); herein/hinein (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    go up to town or London — nach London gehen/fahren

    get up to London from Reading — von Reading nach London [he]reinfahren

    5) (in higher place, upstairs, in north) oben

    up here/there — hier/da oben

    an order from high up — (fig.) ein Befehl von ganz oben (ugs.)

    halfway/a long/little way up — auf halbem Weg nach oben/ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben

    live four floors or storeys up — im vierten Stockwerk wohnen

    6) (erect) hoch

    keep your head up — halte den Kopf hoch; see also chin

    8) (in place regarded as more important; Brit.): (in capital)

    up in town or London/Leeds — in London/Leeds

    9) (in price, value, amount)

    prices have gone/are up — die Preise sind gestiegen

    butter is up [by...] — Butter ist [...] teurer

    10) (including higher limit)

    up to — bis... hinauf

    up to midday/up to £2 — bis zum Mittag/bis zu 2 Pfund

    we're £300 up on last year — wir liegen 300 Pfund über dem letzten Jahr

    the takings were £500 up on the previous month — die Einnahmen lagen 500 Pfund über denen des Vormonats

    be three points/games/goals up — (Sport) mit drei Punkten/Spielen/Toren vorn liegen

    up to here/there — bis hier[hin]/bis dorthin

    I've had it up to here — (coll.) mir steht es bis hier [hin] (ugs.)

    up to now/then/that time/last week — bis jetzt/damals/zu jener Zeit/zur letzten Woche

    14)

    up to — (comparable with)

    be up to expectation[s] — den Erwartungen entsprechen

    15)

    up to — (capable of)

    [not] be/feel up to something — einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen sein/sich einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen fühlen

    [not] be/feel up to doing something — [nicht] in der Lage sein/sich nicht in der Lage fühlen, etwas zu tun

    16)

    up to — (derog.): (doing)

    what is he up to? — was hat er [bloß] vor?

    17)

    it is [not] up to somebody to do something — (somebody's duty) es ist [nicht] jemandes Sache, etwas zu tun

    it is up to us to help them — es ist unsere Pflicht, ihnen zu helfen

    it's/that's up to you — (is for you to decide) es/das hängt von dir ab; (concerns only you) es/das ist deine Sache

    up against somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas [lehnen]; an jemanden/etwas [stellen]

    sit up against the wall — mit dem Rücken zur od. an der Wand sitzen

    be up against a problem/difficulty — etc. (coll.) vor einem Problem/einer Schwierigkeit usw. stehen

    20)

    up and down — (upwards and downwards) hinauf und hinunter; (to and fro) auf und ab

    be up and down — (coll.): (variable) Hochs und Tiefs haben

    ‘this side/way up’ — (on box etc.) "[hier] oben"

    turn something this/the other side/way up — diese/die andere Seite einer Sache nach oben drehen

    the right/wrong way up — richtig/verkehrt od. falsch herum

    22) (finished, at an end) abgelaufen
    2. preposition
    1) (upwards along, from bottom to top) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    up something — etwas (Akk.) hinauf

    further up the ladder/coast — weiter oben auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    3. adjective
    1) (directed upwards) aufwärts führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach oben; nach oben gerichtet [Kolbenhub]

    up train/line — (Railw.) Zug/Gleis Richtung Stadt

    be up in a subject/on the news — in einem Fach auf der Höhe [der Zeit] sein/über alle Neuigkeiten Bescheid wissen od. gut informiert sein

    3) (coll.): (ready)

    tea['s]/grub['s] up! — Tee/Essen ist fertig!

    4) (coll.): (amiss)
    4. noun in pl.

    the ups and downs — (lit. or fig.) das Auf und Ab; (fig.) die Höhen und Tiefen

    5. intransitive verb,
    - pp- (coll.)

    up and leave/resign — einfach abhauen (ugs.) /kündigen

    he ups and says... — da sagt er doch [ur]plötzlich...

    6. transitive verb,
    - pp- (coll.) (increase) erhöhen; (raise up) heben
    * * *
    adv.
    auf adv.
    aufwärts adv.
    hinauf adv.
    hoch adj.
    oben adv. prep.
    auf präp.

    English-german dictionary > up

  • 3 reference

    1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) referencia
    2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) referencias
    3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) referencia
    1. consulta
    2. referencias
    have you got a reference? ¿tienes referencias?
    to make reference mencionar / hacer referencia
    tr['refərəns]
    1 referencia, mención nombre femenino
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    for future reference para consultas en el futuro
    to make reference to hacer referencia a, mencionar
    with reference to referente a, con relación a
    reference book libro de consulta
    reference library biblioteca de consulta
    reference ['rɛfrənts, 'rɛfə-] n
    1) allusion: referencia f, alusión f
    to make reference to: hacer referencia a
    2) consultation: consulta f
    for future reference: para futuras consultas
    3) or reference book : libro m de consulta
    4) testimonial: informe m, referencia f, recomendación f
    n.
    • alusión s.f.
    • informe s.m.
    • referencia s.f.
    v.
    • referenciar v.
    'refrəns, 'refərəns
    1) c u ( allusion)

    reference (TO something/somebody) — alusión f or referencia f (a algo/alguien)

    to make reference to something/somebody — hacer* alusión or referencia a algo/alguien, mencionar algo/a alguien

    with reference to something — con referencia or relación a algo, en relación con algo

    2)
    a) u ( consultation) consulta f

    for future reference, you ought to get authorization first — de aquí en adelante tenga en cuenta que primero hay que pedir autorización; (before n)

    reference book/library — obra f/biblioteca f de consulta or de referencia

    b) c ( indicator) referencia f; (before n)

    reference number — número m de referencia

    3) u (scope, remit)

    point of reference — punto m de referencia

    4) c ( for job candidate - testimonial) referencia f, informe m; (- person giving testimonial) (AmE)
    ['refrǝns]
    1. N
    1) (=act of referring) consulta f

    an index is included for ease of reference or for easy reference — se incluye un índice para facilitar la consulta

    for future reference, please note that... — por si importa en el futuro, obsérvese que...

    2) (=allusion) alusión f, referencia f

    with particular reference to... — con referencia especial a...

    to make reference to sth/sb — hacer referencia a algo/algn, hacer alusión a algo/algn

    passing
    3) (=identifying source) (in text) referencia f, remisión f ; (=citation) referencia f ; (Comm) (in letter, catalogue) (also: reference number) número m de referencia; (on map) indicación f ; (Typ) (also: reference mark) llamada f

    "reference XYZ2" — "número de referencia: XYZ2"

    to look up a reference — (in book) buscar una referencia; (on map) seguir las coordenadas

    cross-reference, grid
    4) (=testimonial) (=document) referencia f, informe m ; (=person) garante mf, fiador(a) m / f

    she has good references — tiene buenas referencias, tiene buenos informes

    character, credit
    5) (=remit)
    see frame 1., 4); see point 4.; see term 1., 6), a)
    2. VT
    1) (=provide references for) [+ book] dotar de referencias a
    2) (=refer to) [+ source] citar
    3.
    CPD [material, tool, room] de consulta

    reference book N — libro m de consulta

    reference group N — (Sociol) grupo m de estudio

    reference library N — biblioteca f de consulta

    reference number N — número m de referencia

    reference point N — punto m de referencia

    reference price N — (Agr) precio m de referencia

    * * *
    ['refrəns, 'refərəns]
    1) c u ( allusion)

    reference (TO something/somebody) — alusión f or referencia f (a algo/alguien)

    to make reference to something/somebody — hacer* alusión or referencia a algo/alguien, mencionar algo/a alguien

    with reference to something — con referencia or relación a algo, en relación con algo

    2)
    a) u ( consultation) consulta f

    for future reference, you ought to get authorization first — de aquí en adelante tenga en cuenta que primero hay que pedir autorización; (before n)

    reference book/library — obra f/biblioteca f de consulta or de referencia

    b) c ( indicator) referencia f; (before n)

    reference number — número m de referencia

    3) u (scope, remit)

    point of reference — punto m de referencia

    4) c ( for job candidate - testimonial) referencia f, informe m; (- person giving testimonial) (AmE)

    English-spanish dictionary > reference

  • 4 take13

    1) take smb., smth. by (in, between, with, etc.) smth. take a child by the hand (him by the sleeve, an axe by the handle, a pen in one's hand, a stick between one's finger and thumb, coal with a pair of tongs, a butterfly with one's fingers, etc.) взять ребенка за руку и т.д.; take a man by the throat схватить /взять/ человека за горло; take a baby in one's arms взять ребенка на руки; he took a girl (me, his son, etc.) in his arms он обнял девушку и т.д.; take the stick between one's knees зажать палку между колен; take one's head between one's hands обхватить голову руками; take the trunk on one's back взвалить сундук себе на спину; take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила; take smth. from (from under, out of, etc.) smth. take a book from the table (a corkscrew from the shelf, etc.) взять книгу со стола и т.д.; take some paper from /out of/ a drawer (the fruit out of a bag, a handkerchief out of /from/ one's pocket, the pins out of one's hair, a cigarette out of the box, one's hands out of one's pockets, etc.) вытаскивать /вынимать/ бумагу из ящика и т.д.: take a box from under a chair вытаскивать ящик из-под стула; the dog took the food from my hand собака ела /брала пищу/ у меня из рук; take your hand off my shoulder (your foot off my toe, etc.) уберите руку с моего плеча и т.д.; can you take the spot out of these pants? можно вывести это пятно с брюк?; it took all the fun out of the game это испортило все удовольствие от игры; take smth. from smb. take a bone from a dog (the knife from the baby, the record from him, etc.) отбирать /отнимать/ кость у собаки и т.д. || take smb. under one's wing взять кого-л. под свое крылышко /под свою защиту/
    2) || take smb. in marriage жениться на ком-л. или выйти замуж за кого-л.; take a widow in marriage жениться на вдове, взять в жены вдову
    3) take smb., smth. with smb. take one's son (an assistant, a doctor, some money, a book, an overnight bag, etc.) with one захватить /взять с собой/ своего сына и т.д.; take me with you возьмите меня с собой; take letters with one (one's lunch with one, provisions with one, etc.) взять /захватить/ эти письма с собой и т.д.; take an umbrella with you прихватите [с собой] зонтик; take smth. to some place take the dishes to the kitchen (these letters to the post, the parcel to his house, etc.) относить тарелки на кухню и т.д.; take smth. to smb. take flowers to sick friends (your message to her, a book to your teacher, etc.) относить цветы больным друзьям и т.д.; take the news to him сообщить ему эту новость; take the matter to a lawyer пойти с этим делом к юристу; take smb. to smth. take the children to the cinema (one's wife to the theatre, etc.) сводить детей в кино и т.д.; take a friend to lunch угостить друга завтраком; take a girl to a dance сводить девушку на танцы; take smb. for smth. take a dog for a walk вывести собаку на прогулку
    4) take smth. from smb., smth. take presents from boy-friends (flowers from them, assistance from the government, etc.) принимать подарки от поклонников и т.д.
    5) take smth. for smth. take the blame for his failure (for her mistake, etc.) принять на себя вину за его провал и т.д.; take smth. upon oneself he takes a great deal upon himself он очень много на себя берет; take smth. for (of) smth. upon oneself take the responsibility for his safety (the office of president, the duties of a teacher, etc.) upon oneself взять на себя ответственность за его безопасность и т.д.; take it upon oneself to do smth. take it upon oneself to speak to them (to give orders, to say that, to speak to him personally, etc.) взять на себя /согласиться/ поговорить с ними и т.д.; take smth. with smth. take his remark (their advice, a compliment, etc.) with a smile (with a frown, with a laugh, etc.) встречать /реагировать на/ его замечание и т.д. улыбкой и т.д. || take smth. in bad part /in the wrong way/ принимать /истолковывать/ что-л. превратно; take smth. in good part не обижаться на что-л.; take smb. into one's confidence довериться кому-л.; take smb. into the secret доверить /поверить/ кому-л. тайну
    6) || take smb.'s side /smb.'s part/ in smth. встать на чью-л. сторону в чем-л.; take smb.'s side /smb.'s part/ in an argument /in a controversy/ (in a quarrel, in a fight, etc.) встать на чью-л. сторону в споре и т.д.; take advantage of smth. воспользоваться чем-л.; take advantage of smb.'s offer (of his presence, of her position, etc.) воспользоваться чьим-л. предложением и т.д.; take advantage of smb.'s trust (of her love', etc.) злоупотреблять чьим-л. доверием и т.д.
    7) take smth. for smth., smb. take a hall for a meeting (this room for my cousin, this suite for my friend, this building for a hospital, etc.) снимать зал для собрания /под собрание/ и т.д.; take smth. in some place take a house in the country (rooms in the suburbs, etc.) снимать дом загородом и т.д.; take smth. for some time take a cottage (a room, a house, etc.) for the summer (for a year, etc.) снимать /арендовать/ дачу и т.д. на лето и т.д.
    8) take smb. into smth. take your brother into the business взять вашего брата компаньоном в наше дело; take her into service брать ее на службу; take them into our firm принять их [на службу] в нашу фирму
    9) take smth. in smth. take a job in the city (a job in an office, etc.) наняться на работу в городе и т.д.; take a post in the firm занять какую-л. должность в фирме
    10) take smth. to (at, in, etc.) some place take a car to the ferry (a freighter to Europe, a train to Boston, etc.) поехать машиной до переправы и т.д.; take a plane to the North полететь самолетом на север; take a train at (in) N сесть на поезд в N
    11) take smth. for smth. take 25 dollars for the use of his car брать двадцать пять долларов за пользование машиной; will you take a check for the bill? можно уплатить вам по счету чеком?; what will you take for it? сколько вы за это хотите?; the man won't take a cent less for the car он не согласен уступить за машину ни цента
    12) take smb. on (in, across, over, etc.) smth. the blow took him on the nose (across the face, over the head, in the stomach, etc.) удар пришелся ему по носу и т.д.
    13) take smth. by smth. take a fortress (a place, a town, etc.) by force (by storm, by a ruse, by a clever manoeveur, etc.) захватить крепость и т.д. силой и т.д. || take smb. by surprise захватить кого-л. врасплох; take smb. in the act поймать /застать/ кого-л. на месте преступления
    14) take smth. from (off, out of) smth. take two from seven (one number from another, a sum out of one's income, etc.) вычесть два из семи и т.д.; this make-up took ten years off her age благодаря косметике она выглядит на десять лет моложе; they took it out of his pay они удержали это из его зарплаты; take 20 per cent off the price снизить цену на двадцать процентов; take a turn off the programme снять выступление /номер/, исключить выступление /номер/ из программы; take the dead leaves and branches off a plant обобрать сухие листья и ветви с растения; take the lid off the saucepan (a saucepan off the fire, etc.) снимать крышку с кастрюли и т.д.; take smb. off smth. take him off his work отстранять его от работы; take her off the assignment отобрать у нее это поручение; take them off the list вычеркнуть их из списка || take smth., smb. off smb.'s hands избавлять кого-л. от чего-л., кого-л.; I'll take it off your hands at t 10 я куплю это у вас за десять фунтов
    15) take smth. in smth. take the first prize in a competition (the highest mark in a subject, the first prize in Latin, first class honours in the tripos examination, etc.) получить первый приз на соревнованиях и т.д.; take the first place in a chess tournament занять первое место в шахматном турнире; take smth. at some place take one's degree at Oxford получать степень в Оксфорде; take i 100 at Ascot выиграть сто фунтов на скачках в Аскете
    16) || take a liking /а fancy/ to smth., smb. проникнуться добрыми чувствами к кому-л., чему-л.; he took a liking to this house (to this village, to a picture, etc.) ему понравился этот дом и т.д.; he took a liking to my sister ему приглянулась моя сестра; take a dislike to smb., smth. невзлюбить кого-л., что-л.; she took a dislike to me я ей не понравился; take an interest in smb., smth. заинтересоваться кем-л., чем-л.; take an interest in politics (in one's work, in one's neighbours, etc.) интересоваться политикой и т.д., проявлять интерес к политике и т.д.
    17) || take time over smth. не спешить делать что-л.; take one's time over the job не спеша выполнять работу; he took an hour over his dinner он обедал целый час
    19) take a certain size in smth. take tens in boots (sixes in gloves, etc.) носить десятый размер обуви и т.д.
    20) take smth. in (at) some place take one's meals in a hotel (at a restaurant, etc.) питаться в гостинице и т.д.; take the waters at a spa лечиться водами на курорте; take smth. with (in) smth. take cream with one's coffee (sugar in one's tea, etc.) пить кофе со сливками и т.д.; take smth. for smth. take an aspirin for a headache (some new medicine for one's liver, pills for insomnia, etc.) принимать аспирин от головной боли и т.д.; take smth. after (before, with) smth. take one tablet after each meal (a spoonful before dinner, a pill with milk, etc.) принимать по одной таблетке после каждой еды и т.д.
    21) take smth. to (at, for, etc.) smth. take tickets to the theatre (a box at the opera, seats for Hamlet, etc.) брать /покупать/ билеты в театр и т.д.
    22) take smb. in smth. take smb. in a new dress (in cap and gown, in a swim-suit, etc.) сфотографировать /снять/ кого-л. /, сделать чей-л. снимок/ в новом платье и т.д.; take smth. from smth. take a print from a negative отпечатать фотографию с негатива
    23) take smb., smth. for smb., smth. take you for someone else (him for an Englishman, the painting for a genuine Rembrandt, everything for truth, etc.) принимать вас за кого-то другого и т.д.; what do you take me for? за кого вы меня принимаете?; do you take me for a fool? вы что, меня дураком считаете?; take smb., smth. at (on) smth. they take the total population of the country at two and a half million они считают /полагают/, что население страны равно двум с половиной миллионам человек; I suppose we must take it at that я полагаю, мы должны поставить на этом точку; I take it on your say-so я соглашаюсь с этим, потому что вы так говорите /доверяю вам/
    24) take some subject's) in (at) smth. take as many subjects as possible in one's university days в студенческие годы изучать как можно больше дисциплин; she took four courses in her freshman year на первом курсе она изучала четыре предмета; she took French at school французский язык она изучала в школе; take smth. for (as) smth. I shall take this topic for my composition я возьму эту тему для сочинения; he took China as his subject oil выбрал Китай в качестве темы || take smth. in the examination сдавать экзамен по какому-л. предмету; take French in the exam держать экзамен по французскому языку
    25) take smb. in smth. take children in German давать детям уроки немецкого языка; take him in Latin заниматься с ним по латыни /латынью/
    26) take smth. during /at/ smth. take notes during /at/ a lecture вести конспект во время лекции, записывать лекцию; take smth. of smth. take notes of all he says (of all that passes, etc.) записывать все, что он говорит и т.д.; take minutes of the proceedings веста протокол заседания; take smth. on (in, by, from) smth. take a broadcast on tape (an film, etc.) записывать передачу на магнитную ленту и т.д.; take the minutes of a meeting in /by/ shorthand стенографировать протокол; take smth. from dictation писать что-л. под диктовку; take a letter from dictation писать письмо под диктовку
    27) take smth. from smth., smb. take its title from the name of the hero (a name from the place of battle, its name from the inventor, etc.) называться /получить название/ по имени героя и т.д.; take a passage from a book (a whole passage straight from Dickens, a quotation from his novel, etc.) взять отрывок из книги и т.д.; we take our numbers from the Arabs (our letters from the Romans, etc.) наша система цифр идет от /заимствована у/ арабов и т.д.
    28) take smb. in smth. the cold took me in the chest у меня [от простуды] заложило грудь
    29) take smth. to smth. take the next turning (road, street, etc.) to the left (to the right) свернуть налево (направо) у следующего поворота и т.д.; take the road to London (to the North, etc.) поехать по дороге [, ведущей] в Лондон и т.д.
    30) take smb. (in)to (through, across, etc.) some place take the man to the hospital (your friend to the station, the box to the hotel, her into the country, etc.) отправить /отвезти/ человека в больницу и т.д. ; they took him into a small room (into prison, into a cell, etc.) ere отвели или поместили в маленькую комнату и т.д.; the road (this path, the street, etc.) will take you to the river (to the village, through the centre of the town, etc.) эта дорога и т.д. приведет вас к реке и т.д.; the bus will take you into town (to London, etc.) этот автобус привезет /доставит/ вас в город и т.д.; only a tram will take you across the bridge через мост можно проехать только трамваем; take him over the house (the visitors round a museum, etc.) водить его по дому /показывать ему дом/ и т.д.; the work (business, etc.) took us to Paris эта работа и т.д. привела нас в Париж; take smb. into custody взять кого-л. под стражу; take smb. to smb. take a son to his mother отвести сына к матери; take smb. out of smth. take her out of the room выведите ее из комнаты; take him out of my way уберите его с моей дороги; take smth. from (out of, etc.) smth. take the case from court to court передавать дело из одного суда в другой; take the case out of court забрать дело из суда
    31) take smb. through smth. take the boy through a book (through the first two chapters, through his first job, etc.) помочь мальчику прочесть книгу и т.д.; take smb. through college помочь кому-л. [деньгами] окончить колледж; save enough money to take you through college скопить достаточную сумму [денег], чтобы заплатить за обучение в колледже
    32) aux || take pride in smth. гордиться чем-л.; take pride in his schoolwork (in one's appearance, in one's house and garden, etc.) гордиться своей работой или своими успехами в школе и т.д.; take credit for smth. приписывать себе /ставить себе в заслугу/ что-л.; he took credit for my work он приписал себе мои достижения; take offence at smth. обижаться /сердиться/ на что-л.; take offence at his remarks /at what he said/ сердиться на его замечания; take part in smth. принимать участие в чем-л.; take part in an enterprise (in the demonstration, in smb.'s sorrows, etc.) принимать участие в предприятии и т.д.; take pity on smb. пожалеть кого-л.; сжалиться над кем-л.; take pity on the poor man (on the losers, on the boy, etc.) пожалеть несчастного человека и т.д.; take notice of smb., smth. обратить внимание на кого-л., что-л.; don't take notice of him не обращайте на него внимания; take charge of smth., smb. принимать на себя ответственность за что-л., кого-л., take charge of the luggage (of the house, of the children, etc.) заняться багажом и т.д.; who is taking charge of the work while you are away? кто руководит работой в ваше отсутствие?; take care of smth., smb. (по)заботиться о чем-л., ком-л.; he will take care of that matter (of the account, etc.) он займется этим вопросом и т.д.; she will take саге of the baby она присмотрит за ребенком; take possession of smth. завладеть чем-л.; take hold of smth., smb. ухватиться за что-л., кого-л.; take hold of the rope (of the rail, of her arm, of the man, etc.) ухватиться за веревку и т.д.; take smb., smth. in hand взять кого-л., что-л. в руки; he took himself firmly in hand он взял себя в руки, он овладел собой; take smth., smb. into consideration /into account/ принимать что-л., кого-л. во внимание; take all these facts (the circumstances, her request, etc.) into consideration /into account/ принять во внимание /учесть/ все эти факты и т.д.; take it into one's head to do smth. (that...) coll. забрать себе в голову сделать что-л. (, что...)
    33) aux take smth. in (at, after, on, etc.) smth. take a seat in the rear сесть /занять место/ позади /сзади/; take a swing at the ball замахнуться для удара по мячу; take a nap after dinner вздремнуть после обеда; take an oath on smth. поклясться в чем-л. || take a glance round one бросить взгляд вокруг, оглядеться; take leave of smb. попрощаться с кем-л.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > take13

  • 5 Edwards, Humphrey

    [br]
    fl. c.1808–25 London (?), England
    d. after 1825 France (?)
    [br]
    English co-developer of Woolf s compound steam engine.
    [br]
    When Arthur Woolf left the Griffin Brewery, London, in October 1808, he formed a partnership with Humphrey Edwards, described as a millwright at Mill Street, Lambeth, where they started an engine works to build Woolf's type of compound engine. A number of small engines were constructed and other ordinary engines modified with the addition of a high-pressure cylinder. Improvements were made in each succeeding engine, and by 1811 a standard form had been evolved. During this experimental period, engines were made with cylinders side by side as well as the more usual layout with one behind the other. The valve gear and other details were also improved. Steam pressure may have been around 40 psi (2.8 kg/cm2). In an advertisement of February 1811, the partners claimed that their engines had been brought to such a state of perfection that they consumed only half the quantity of coal required for engines on the plan of Messrs Boulton \& Watt. Woolf visited Cornwall, where he realized that more potential for his engines lay there than in London; in May 1811 the partnership was dissolved, with Woolf returning to his home county. Edwards struggled on alone in London for a while, but when he saw a more promising future for the engine in France he moved to Paris. On 25 May 1815 he obtained a French patent, a Brevet d'importation, for ten years. A report in 1817 shows that during the previous two years he had imported into France fifteen engines of different sizes which were at work in eight places in various parts of the country. He licensed a mining company in the north of France to make twenty-five engines for winding coal. In France there was always much more interest in rotative engines than pumping ones. Edwards may have formed a partnership with Goupil \& Cie, Dampierre, to build engines, but this is uncertain. He became a member of the firm Scipion, Perrier, Edwards \& Chappert, which took over the Chaillot Foundry of the Perrier Frères in Paris, and it seems that Edwards continued to build steam engines there for the rest of his life. In 1824 it was claimed that he had made about 100 engines in England and another 200 in France, but this is probably an exaggeration.
    The Woolf engine acquired its popularity in France because its compound design was more economical than the single-cylinder type. To enable it to be operated safely, Edwards first modified Woolf s cast-iron boiler in 1815 by placing two small drums over the fire, and then in 1825 replaced the cast iron with wrought iron. The modified boiler was eventually brought back to England in the 1850s as the "French" or "elephant" boiler.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Most details about Edwards are to be found in the biographies of his partner, Arthur Woolf. For example, see T.R.Harris, 1966, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837, The Cornish Engineer, Truro: D.Bradford Barton; Rhys Jenkins, 1932–3, "A Cornish Engineer, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13. These use information from the originally unpublished part of J.Farey, 1971, A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Vol. II, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Edwards, Humphrey

  • 6 get

    1. I
    1) I have 10 shillings more to get мне надо достать еще десять шиллингов
    2) she gave him as good as she got она дала ему сдачи
    2. II
    1) get somewhere get here (home, thus far, abroad, etc.) приезжать /добираться, попадать/ сюда и т. д.; he forgot the key and couldn't get in он забыл ключ и не мог попасть в дом; the door was locked and we could not get out дверь была заперта [на ключ], и мы не могли войти; the train is starting, you must get in поезд отправляется, вам надо войти в вагон; I have no ticket, will I be able to get in? у меня нет билета, мне можно пройти /меня пропустят/? get out! вылезай(те)!, выходи(те)!; please, let me get by пожалуйста, пропустите меня /разрешите мне пройти/; get ashore сходить /высаживаться/ на берег; get astray заблудиться; rumours (reports, etc.) get abroad ходят /распространяются/ слухи и т. д.; this piece of news has got abroad эта новость стала широко известна; such sensations get abroad такого рода сенсационные сообщения становятся достоянием широкой публики; he'll soon get there он там скоро будет, он туда скоро попадет; your letter got there yesterday ваше письмо там получили /пришло туда/ вчера; how (lid these flowers get there? как туда попали эти цветы?: he got home quickly он быстро добрался до дому: the bridge was destroyed and we couldn't get across мост был разрушен, и мы не могли попасть на ту сторону; the frontier is so well guarded that. no one can get across граница так надежно /хорошо/ охраняется, что никто не может ее перейти /что ее невозможно нарушить/; get down спуститься вниз: the cat climbed to the top of tile tree and couldn't get down кошка взобралась на вершину дерева и не могла слезть
    2) he tries hard but he never gets anywhere он много работает, но у него ничего не выходит, он прилагает много усилий, но ничего не может добиться; you'll get nowhere if you work so little если вы будете так мало работать, вы ничего не добьетесь: with courage we can get anywhere мужество поможет нам добиться всего; he is getting ahead splendidly у него дела идут прекрасно; at last we seem to be getting somewhere похоже, наконец у нас что-то получается
    3. III
    1) get smth. get an answer (a postcard, a telegram, good new?get information, a birthday present, a pension, wages, etc.) получать ответ и т.д., get confirmation получить подтверждение; he got a surprise его ждал сюрприз; where can I get permission? его можно получить разрешение?; get one's breakfast (one's dinner, etc.) позавтракать и т. д.; I could not get any supper я остался без ужина, я не смог поужинать || get a sight /а glimpse/ of smb., smth. увидеть кого-л., что-л.
    2) get smth., smb. where did you get the money? где вы достали /раздобыли/ деньги? get a hat (a new coat, same stamps, a new diary, etc.) приобретать /покупать/ шляпу и т. д.'; you had better get a new umbrella вам бы надо купить /вам нужен/ новый зонтик; where can I get this book? где можно достать /купить/ эту книгу? I got the book. needed я нашел /достал/ нужную мне книгу; I'll go and get some milk. get Some biscuits too a схожу за молоком. get Возьми еще и печенья. get the prize (a good crop, credit, much, little, etc.) получать приз и т. д., he has got the support of the directors он получил поддержку /добился поддержки/ директоров; get a profit получать прибыль; he got nothing ему ничего на досталось, get good results (advantage, power, fame, wealth, etc.) добиваться хороших результатов и т.д., I went and got some singing lessons я пошел и взял несколько уроков пения; get friends при обретать друзей; where do you get pupils? откуда вы берете учеников?; get a wife жениться; get knowledge of the subject овладевать каким-л. предметом || get possession of smth. завладеть /овладеть/ чем-л.; get one's own way добиться своего
    3) get smth., smb. get one's hat (one's stick, one's bag, etc.) взять [с собой] шляпу и т. д., wait till I get my coat подожди, я только возьму пальто; go and get the doctor сходи за врачом; hold the line, I'll go and get him не вешайте трубку, я сейчас ere позову /найду/
    4) get smth. the room (the house, etc.) gets no sun в комнату и т. д. совсем не попадает солнце; this room gets all the sun именно в эту комнату попадает солнце; I'll come and see you if I get the time я приеду повидать вас, если у меня будет время; she hoped to get a little sleep она надеялась, что немного поспит /что ей удастся немного поспать/; I'll go and get some sleep пойду сосну
    5) get smb.,smth. I didn't get him a) я не застал его; б) я не дозвонился ему; you got the wrong number вы ошиблись номером /вы не туда попали/
    6) get smb., smth. get the thief (the runaway, the culprit, a squirrel, etc.) поймать вора и т. д.; did he get his train он успел на поезд?; I decided to get the next train я решил сесть на следующий поезд
    7) get smth. get an illness заболеть; get a cold /а chill/ простудиться; get [the] measles (scarlet fever, typhus, etc.) заболеть корью, подхватить корь и т. д.; have you got a cold? у вас насморк?; get a bad fall (a slight hurt) сильно (слегка) ушибиться; get a blow (a shock, a nasty wound, etc.) получить удар и т. д.
    8) get smth. get ten years (six months, etc.) получить десять лет тюрьмы /тюремного заключения/ и т. д., быть приговоренным к десяти годам [тюремного заключения] и т. д.; you'll get a beating тебя ожидает порка, тебя высекут; you'll get a scolding тебя ожидает /ты получишь/ выговор; you'll get it! тебе влетит
    9) get smth., smb. coll. get the joke (smb.'s meaning, smb.'s idea, etc.) понимать шутку и т. д., I don't get it не понял; it is just between us, get it? это только между нами, попятно?; I didn't get your name я не разобрал /не расслышал/ вашего имени; I don't get you я вас не понимаю
    10) get smth. dividing nine by three we get three если разделить девять на три, получится три
    11) have got smth. I have got a new watch (a new suit, a new hat, a car, etc.) у меня [есть] новые часы и т. д; have you got a newspaper (the tickets, a pencil, an erasing-knife, etc)? у вас есть газета и т.д.? I've got no money у меня нет денег; she's got a lovely voice у нее красивый голос; he'll lose all he's got, if he isn't careful если он не будет более осмотрительным /осторожнее/, он потеряет все, что имеет
    4. IV
    1) get smth. at some time get the answer this morning (some money soon, etc.) получить ответ сегодня утром и т. д.; get money every month получать деньги каждый месяц; I get a letter every day каждый день мне приходит /я получаю/ письмо; in this hotel I get breakfast every morning в этой гостинице каждое утро дают /подают/ завтрак; get your dinner at once сейчас же пообедай; get smth. in some manner you got the answer right ты получил /у тебя получился/ правильный ответ
    2) get smth. in some manner get this horse (this coat, this bicycle, etc.) cheap (ly) дешево купить /приобрести/ лошадь и т. д., купить эту лошадь и т. д. по дешевке; get the book second-hand приобрести подержанную книгу, купить книгу у букиниста; get money easily легко зарабатывать /доставать, получать/ деньги; get this book easily достать эту книгу без затруднений
    3) get smb., smth. somewhere get him home (the old man upstairs, you there, the child up, etc.) отводить /доставлять, приводить/ его домой и т.д., get smb. in а) помочь кому-л. проникнуть куда-л.; б) втащить кого-л. вовнутрь; get smb. out а) помочь кому-л. выбраться откуда-л.; б) вытащить кого-л. откуда-л.; get the horses out вывести лошадей; what got you here? что вас привело сюда?; get this parcel home (the table here, etc.) доставлять посылку домой и т. д., get the chairs (the washing, some coal, etc.) in вносить стулья и т.д., I don't know how you'll ever get the box (the trunk, the piano, etc.) upstairs не знаю, как вы втащите этот ящик и т. д. наверх; get a mast up ставить мачту; get up a sunken vessel поднимать затонувшее судно; get smth. overboard выбрасывать что-л. за борт; get his letter (one's own books, my money, etc.) back получить обратно его письме и т. д., now I've got you back теперь вы вернулись ко мне
    4) get smb. at some time I'll get you yet! я еще вас поймаю!, вы еще мне попадетесь!; he got you that time! на этот раз он вас поймал!
    5) get smb. somewhere it will get him nowhere, it won't get him anywhere это ничего ему не даст, этим он ничего не добьется; all work and no play does not get you anywhere если работать и не отдыхать, толку будет мало
    6) get smb., smth. in some manner coll. I get you (your meaning, your idea, etc.) all right я хорошо понимаю вас и т. д.
    7) have got smth. somewhere what have you got there? что у вас там?
    5. V
    get smb. smth.
    1) get him a ticket (me a dictionary, them those pictures, etc.) доставать /покупать/ ему билет и т. д.; get me a good teacher (him a place. her another job, etc.) найдите мне хорошего преподавателя и т. д.
    2) get smb. a towel (me my hat, him another dictionary, her a chair, me some ink, etc.) принести кому-л. полотенце и т. д.; can you get me another pencil? вы можете принести /дать/ мне другой карандаш?
    3) get smb. smb., smth. get me the director (the hospital, the head teacher, etc.) соедините меня с директором и т. д.
    6. VI
    1) get smth., smb. in some state get dinner (breakfast, books, etc.) ready приготовить обед и т. д., she quickly got the children ready for school она быстро собрала детей в школу; get one's feet (one's clothes, etc.) wet промочить ноги и т. д.; get the windows open открыть окна; get everything right again снова навести везде порядок; get smb. free освободить кого-л., выпустить кого-л. на свободу; get the dog loose спустить собаку с цепи; it gets me down-hearted это приводит меня в уныние
    2) get smth. in some state get the sum right получить правильный ответ [в решении задачи], правильно решить задачу
    7. VII
    1) get smth., smb. to do smth. get something (nothing, etc.) to eat (to read, to play with, etc.) достать что-нибудь поесть и т. д.; get leave to go home получить отпуск для поездки домой; get smb. to clean the windows (to wash the floors, to do the room, etc.) найти кого-л. [, чтобы] вымыть окна и т. д.; I can't get anyone to do the work properly не могу найти человека, который выполнил бы эту работу как следует
    2) get smb., smth. to do smth. get your friend to help you (him to come, her to join us, your brother to introduce me to the chairman, etc.) убедить /заставить/ вашего приятеля /друга/ помочь вам и т. д.; get a fire to burn разжечь огонь или костер; get this door to shut properly починить дверь, чтобы она закрывалась как следует; I can never get him to go to bed я никогда не могу уложить его спать; get him to tell her about it уговорите его рассказать ей об этом; you will not be able to get a tree to grow in this soil вам не удастся вырастить дерево на такой почве
    3) Have got smth. to do I have got very much /lots of work/ to do у меня очень много работы /дел/, мне надо очень много сделать; what have you got to say? что вы можете сказать?
    8. VIII
    get smth., smb. doing smth.get the clock (the work, the typewriter, etc.) going наладить часы и т. д; at last he got the stone rolling наконец ему удалось сдвинуть камень, и тот покатился; she got everybody singing все подхватили ее песню; она заставила всех петь; I'll get her talking а) я заставлю ее заговорить; б) я разговорю ее; that got him guessing это заставило его теряться в догадках
    9. IX
    1) get smth., smb. done I must get the book bound (my passport endorsed, the work done, my shoes repaired, etc.) мне нужно [отдать] переплести книгу и т. д.; we are getting our apartment newly papered мы заново оклеиваем [обоями] квартиру; I shall get my hair cut я постригусь; can you get the work finished in time (by evening)? a) вы можете закончить работу вовремя (к вечеру)?; б) вы можете добиться, чтобы работа была готова вовремя (к вечеру)?; where can I this printed (my piano tuned, my shoes soled, etc.)? где мне / я могу/ это напечатать и т. д.?; I want to get my coat mended я хочу починить /отдать в починку/ пальто; get the laws obeyed (my words believed, etc.) добиться [того], чтобы законы выполнялись /соблюдались/ и т. д.; get oneself appointed (noticed, chosen, etc.) сделать так, чтобы тебя назначили и т. д., they got him elected chairman они провели его в председатели
    2) get smb. in some state get a man drunk напоить человека; get smb. dressed (washed, fed, etc.) одеть и т. д. кого-л.; it gets me discouraged я от этого прихожу в уныние; he got his face scratched (his wrist broken, etc.) он расцарапал лицо и т. д.
    10. X
    get into some state get married (dressed, shaved, brushed clean, confused, hurt, etc.) жениться и т.д., get drunk напиваться; get tired уставать; get frozen замерзать; he got drowned он утонул; you must get done /finished/ with it с этим нужно покончить /кончать/; get used /accustomed/ to the climate here (to the customs and manners over here, to sitting up late, to the rolling of a ship, etc.) привыкать к здешнему климату и т. д., he got fired /dismissed/ (severely wounded, killed, etc.) его уволили /выгнали/ и т. д.; he got paid for this ему за это заплатили; he got mixed up with dishonest men он связался с дурной компанией; they got left behind они отстали; that vase will get broken эта ваза разобьется; everything gets known все становится известным || get rid of smb., smth. отделываться /избавляться/ от кого-л., чего-л.; get rid of a troublesome visitor (of a lazy servant, of the old car, of an engagement, etc.) избавиться /отделаться/ от назойливого посетителя и т. д.
    11. XI
    1) be got the thing is not to be got fay вещь нельзя достать
    2) be got at the soul of a people can be got at fully only through, the knowledge of its language душу народа можно познать только через его язык
    3) be got at coll. the witness (the press, the voters, etc.) have been got at свидетели и т. д. были подкуплены
    12. ХIII
    1) get to do smth. soon she got to like her job скоро ей начала нравиться /понравилась/ ее работа, она вскоре полюбила свой работу;how did you get to know it? как вы об этом узнали?, как вам удалось это узнать?; they got to be friends они стали друзьями; you'll like him when /once/ you get to know him когда вы его узнаете, вы его полюбите
    2) have got to do smth. we've got to go (to write a letter, to listen to what he says, to leave early to catch my train, to pass this examination, etc.) нам необходимо /мы должны/ идти и т.д., it has got to be done это должно быть сделано /надо сделать/; she's got to work hard for her living ей приходится много работать, чтобы заработать на жизнь
    3) id have got to do with smth. what's that got to do with us? какое это имеет отношение к нам?
    13. XIV
    get doing smth.,get moving (rolling, singing, etc.) начать двигаться и т. д.; when these women get talking they go on for hours когда эти женщины начнут разговаривать /болтать/, их не остановишь; we got talking of the future мы стали говорить /заговорили/ о будущем; they wanted to get going on the construction of the house они хотели приступить к строительству дома; if we don't get doing we'll never arrive in time если мы не тронемся в путь, мы ни за что не приедем вовремя; things haven't really got going yet дела еще фактически не сдвинулись с места /с мертвой точки/; let's get going! пошли!, пойдём!, поёхали!
    13. XV
    get into some state get warmer (worse and worse, uglier every day, etc.) становиться теплее и т. д.; get grey (old, silly, poor, red in the face, etc.) поседеть и т. д.; get well поправляться, выздоравливать; he is getting better ему уже лучше; get asleep засыпать; I am getting thirsty (sleepy, hungry. etc.) мне захотелось пить и т. д., the children will get wet (hungry, etc.) дети вымокнут /промокнут/ и т. д.; he got rich он разбогател; he got mad at the message записка его разозлила; он разозлился на записку; they got closer to each other они сблизились, они стали ближе друг другу; it got rainy пошли дожди; it got foggy опустился туман; the sky got cloudy небо заволокло тучами; it is getting dark (cold, warm, etc.) темнеет и т. д. it is getting late уже поздно; the fire is getting low костер гаснет /угасает/; things are getting better дела идут все лучше
    14. XVI
    1) get into (out of, through, over, up, across, at, etc.) smth. get into the room (into town, into a bar, etc.) попадать /входить/ в комнату и т. д.; the burglar got into the kitchen through the window грабитель проник /влез/ в кухню через окно; get into a car сесть /влезть/ в автомобиль /в машину/; get into the saddle сесть /взобраться/ в седло; something has got into my eye мне что-то попало в глаз this story got into the newspapers эта история попала в газеты; where has that book got to? куда запропастилась /делась/ эта книга?; get to the station (to London, to the office, etc.) добраться до вокзала и т. д.; where did you get to yesterday? куда вы делись /где вы были/ вчера?; get out, of a train (out of a bus, out of a carriage, etc.) выходить из поезда и т. д., get out of bed! вставайте!; get out of here (out of this house)! прочь отсюда (из этого дома)!; get out of the way of a car посторониться и пропустить машину; get out of smb.'s way уйти с чьей-л. дороги; get through the hole in the wall (through the eye of a needle, through a gap, through a crack, etc.) пролезать через дыру в стене и т. д.; get over a fence (over a wall, over a stile, etc.) перелезать через забор и т. д.; get over /across/ a river переправляться через реку; get across tile street (across /over/ the bridge, across the frontier, etc.) перейти на другую сторону улицы и т. д.; he got above the clouds он поднялся над облаками; get under the hedge (under the wire netting, under the rope, etc.) пролезать под изгородью и т. д.; get under some old boxes (under some bushes, etc.) залезать /закатиться/ под старые ящики и т. д.; under the wheels (under а motor-саг, etc.) попасть под колеса и т. д.; the cat got under the bed (under the fence, etc.) кошка шмыгнула под кровать и т. д.; get at the top shelf (at the ripest fruit, at one's luggage, etc.) дотянуться /достать/ до верхней полки и т. д.; keep medicines where children can't get at them убирайте лекарства так, чтобы дети не смогли их достать; the dog could not get at me собака не могла меня достать; let me get at him coll. дайте мне только до него добраться; get down a tree (down a fence, etc.) слезать с дерева и т. д., get up a ladder (up a hill, up a tree, etc.) взбираться на лестницу и т. д.; get by the guard (by the policeman, etc.) проскользнуть мимо часового и т. д.; get before the crowd (before the procession, before the column of marchers, etc.) обогнать толпу и т. д.; get behind a tree (behind a door, behind a fence, etc.) встать /спрятаться/ за дерево и т. д.; the реп got behind the bookcase ручка закаталась /попала/ за книжный шкаф; get between the sheets залезть под одеяло; he got between the boys and prevented a fight он встал между мальчишками и не дал им сцепиться; get aboard a ship подняться на борт корабля
    2) get to (abreast of, beyond, as far аs, etc.) smth. get to the end of the chapter (to the main subject, to the theme of my story, to the heart of the matter, etc.) дойти /добраться/ до конца главы и т. д.: how far did you get to? до какого места ты дочитал?; get to the head of one's class выйти на первое место в классе; стать первым учеником в классе; get to the city police (to the authorities, etc.) связаться с городской полицией и т. д.; get to some time (to some age) достигать какого-л. времени (возраста); when it gets to 10 o'clock I begin to feel tired к десяти часам я начинаю чувствовать усталость: when you get to 70... когда вам [будет] семьдесят...; get between two fighting parties оказаться /очутиться/ между двумя враждующими /борющимися/ группами; his anger has got beyond control он вышел из себя, он уже не мог сдержать гнев; he doesn't let much get by him он почти ничего не пропускает; практически ничто мимо него не проходит; you cannot easily get at him с ним не так просто связаться /увидеться/; get abreast of modem technology достичь современного уровня техники; we got as far as the lake мы дошли или доехали до озера || get in touch with smb. связаться / установить контакт/ с кем-л.
    3) get within smth. get within smb.'s reach (within the range of their fire, etc.) оказаться в пределах чьей-л. досягаемости и т. д.; get within earshot оказаться в пределах слышимости; get within their sight оказаться в поле их зрения; get out of smth. get out of smb.'s sight скрыться с чьих-л. глаз; get out of smb.'s reach оказаться для них вне пределов досягаемости; get among smb. get among friends (among enemies, among strangers, etc.) оказаться среди друзей и т. д. || get into the hands of the police попасть в руки полиции
    4) get into smth. get into a coat (into one's clothes, into one's boots, etc.) надевать пальто и т. д., get into one's trousers натянуть брюки; I can't get into these shoes, they are three sizes too small я не могу надеть эти ботинки, мне надо на три номера больше
    5) get into smth. get into business (into trade, into the movies, into politics, etc.) заняться коммерцией и т. д.; get into fights with the neighbour's children драться /вступать в драку/ с соседскими мальчишками; get into Parliament (into a party, into a club, etc.) стать членом парламента и т. д.; get into office получить /занять/ должность; Kennedy got into office in 1961 Кеннеди стал президентом в тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят первом году; get into conversation (into a dispute with smb., into correspondence, into communication, etc.) завязать разговор и т.д.; they got into quite an argument about it между ними разгорелся довольно жаркий спор
    6) get in (to) smth. get into trouble (into a difficulty, into mischief, etc.) попасть в беду и т. д.; get into debt залезть в долги; get in a row (into a horrible scrape, etc.) оказаться замешанным /ввязаться/ в скандал и т. д.; get into a bad habit приобрести плохую /дурную/ привычку; get into the habit /into the way/ of getting up early (of doing things one's own way, of answering back, etc.) привыкнуть рано вставать и т. д., get into a rage впасть в ярость; get into a panic поддаться панике; get into general use получить широкое распространение; get out of smth. get out of practice потерять навык, [давно] не иметь практики; get out of repair требовать ремонта; get out of order выйти из строя, испортиться, сломаться; get out of shape потерять форму
    7) get over (out of, through,get etc.) smth. get over a difficulty ( over an obstacle, over an impediment, etc.) преодолеть затруднение и т. д.; she couldn't get over her shyness (over her embarrassment, over her confusion, over her dislike of him, over the disinclination to work, etc.) она не могла побороть / преодолеть/ свой застенчивость и т. д.; he couldn't get over his stutter он не мог избавиться от заикания; I can't get over his abominable manners никак не могу примириться с его ужасными манерами /привыкнуть к его ужасным манерам/; get over a disappointment (over an alarm, over a surprise, etc.) прийти в себя после разочарования и т. д.; I couldn't get over his behaviour он себя так плохо вел, что я никак не мог успокоиться; I couldn't get over the fear of him я никак не мог избавиться от чувства /преодолеть чувство/ страха перед ним; get over an illness (over an ailment, over that severe cold, over an injury, etc.) оправиться от /после/ болезна и т.д., get over /out of/ a bad habit отделаться / отучиться/ от дурной привычки; get out of a difficulty выйти из затруднительного положения; there is по getting out of it, you cannot get out of it от этого не открутишься; don't try to get out of your duties не пытайтесь уклоняться от своих обязанностей; get through another bad winter (through a dangerous illness, etc.) пережить еще одну тяжелую зиму и т. д.; I don't know how I'll get through this month я не знаю, как я дотяну до конца месяца; I don't know how I got through the day не знаю, как я прожил /выдержал/ этот день; get through an exam выдержать экзамен; get through written papers написать контрольную работу; get through a driving test сдать экзамен на водительские права; how he got through college is a mystery совершенно непонятно, как он смог окончить колледж; get (a)round smth. get around the law (around the regulations, around that clause, around a difficulty, etc.) обходить закон и т. д.; there is no getting (aground this fact a) нельзя не (посчитаться с этим фактом; б) нельзя пройти мимо этого факта; get (a)round smb. coll. she can get (aground anyone она может убедить /обвести вокруг пальца/ кого хочешь /кого угодно/; she knows how to get round him она знает, как к нему подъехать
    8) get through /over/ smth. get through a lot of reading (through a lot of work, etc.) много прочитать и т.д., get through her washing (through one's homework, through this book, etc.) закончить стирку и т. д.; how could he get through all these files? как он успел просмотреть все эти папки?; get through one's task with great speed быстро выполнить свой задачу; get through a lot of correspondence ( through these books, etc.) разделаться с большим количеством писем и т. д.; get through such a lot of food (through all this meat, through a bottle of gin a week, etc.) съесть /осилить/ много всякой всячины и т. д.; get through one's fortune (through a lot of money, through L 1000 in less than a week, etc.) растратить /растранжирить, промотать/ свое состояние и т. д.
    9) get at smth., smb. get at the truth (at the facts, at the root of the trouble, at the cause of the disturbance, at the heart of things, etc.) докапываться до правды и т. д.; get at the meaning of the sentence добраться до сути этого предложения; get at the secret of his success выяснить /понять/, в чем секрет его успеха; that's what I want to get at вот в чем мне хочется разобраться, вот что мне хочется постичь; what are you getting at? coll. a) чего вы хотите?, к чему вы клоните?; б) что вы имеете в виду?; we could not tell what the speaker was getting at мы не знали /не понимали/, что имел в виду /хотел сказать/ оратор; who are you getting at? кого вы имеете в виду?, на кого вы намекаете?; were you getting at me in that last remark you made? в своем последнем замечании вы намекали на меня? /вы имели в виду меня/?; he is always getting at me coll. он вечно ко мне цепляется /придирается/
    10) get at smb. get at a witness (at a judge, at the press, etc.) подкупать свидетеля и т. д.
    15. XVII
    1) get (in)to doing smth. coll. get into sleeping in the afternoon (to fighting, etc.) взять себе за привычку спать днем и т. д.; I got to thinking that... я стал думать, что...
    2) get out of doing smth. get out of attending smth. (out of going there, out of answering, etc.) отвертеться и не пойти на какое-л. мероприятие и т. д.; get as far as doing smth. we did not get as far as discussing finances мы не дошли до обсуждения финансовых вопросов
    16. XXI1
    1) get smth. from (at, out of, etc.) smth., smb. get machinery from Europe (many commodities from abroad, etc.) получать оборудование из Европы и т. д., закупать /покупать, приобретать/ оборудование в Европе и т.д., get our things at this shop покупать /приобретать/ вещи в этом магазине; get information from the library (money from the bank, help from him, etc.) получать, сведения из библиотеки и т. д., get dinner (lunch, etc.) at the hotel (at the restaurant, at the inn, etc.) (пообедать и т. д. в гостинице и т. д.; I got this information (the news, facts. etc.) from a friend of mine (from my secretary, etc.) мне это и т. д. сообщил один приятель и т. д., я получил эти сведения и т. д. от одного приятеля и т. д.; get butter from cream получать масло из сливок; get a confession out of the prisoner ( a secret out of the woman, the truth out of the man, etc.) вытянуть / вырвать/ у заключенного признание и т. д.; get smth. for smth. get data for analysis (information for the article, new curtains for the guest-room, etc.) доставать /добывать/ данные для анализа и т. д., get material for research собирать материал для исследования: can I still get a ticket for tonight's play? можно еще достать /купить, получить/ билет на сегодняшний спектакль?; get smth. for smb. get tickets (another dictionary, this book, etc.) for him купить или заказать ему билеты и т. д.; get smth. by smth. get good results by hard work усердием /большим трудом/ добиться хороших результатов; get very little by deceit немногого добиться обманом || get hold of the manager (of the secretary, of the owner, etc.) разыскать /найти/ администратора и т. д., where did you get hold of this curious old picture? где вы раздобыли эту любопытную старую картину?; he got the start of his rivals он получил преимущество перед своими соперниками
    2) get smth. from smb. get presents from his brother (a letter from one's parents, a message from him, etc.) получать подарки от брата и т. д.; get no help (no money, no advice, etc.) from him не получать от него помощи и т. д.; you will never get anything from him от него ничего не дождешься; get his timidity from his mother унаследовать робость от матери; get smth. for smth. get a good salary for the job (a reward for his part in the affair, a medal for bravery. etc.) получать хорошую зарплату за эту работу и т. д.; what did you get for this article? сколько вам заплатили за эту статью?; get a good price for the land получить хорошую цену за землю; I will see what I can get for it посмотри, сколько я могу за это получить /выручить, взять/; get a new watch (a ring, a new hat, etc.) for one's birthday получить новые часы и т. д. [в подарок] на день рождения; get smth. out of smth. what did you get out of his lecture? что вы вынесли из его лекции?, что вам дала его лекция?; all he got out of it was disgrace это принесло ему только позор; get smth. of smb., smth. what impression did you get of him (of this play, etc.)? .какое он и т. д. на вас произвел впечатление?
    3) get smth., smb. across (from, to, etc.) smth. get smth. across the river (across the sea, across the frontier, etc.) переправить что-л. через реку и т. д.; get smb. across the street (across the bridge, across the field, etc) перевести кого-л. через улицу и т. д.; get one's hat from the other room (the books from the study, the tea-things from the kitchen, etc.) принести шляпу из другой комнаты и т. д., get down a book from the top shelf (the boy from the fence, my hat from the book, etc.) снимать книгу с верхней полки и т. д.; get a letter to London (to Paris, etc.) доставить письмо в Лондон и т. д., get the child to bed уложить ребенка в постель; get the trunk back to the garret отнести сундук обратно на чердак; get the parcel back to London снова доставить пакет в Лондон; get your TV back for this evening (for the party, etc.) принесите снова ваш телевизор на этот вечер и т. д.; the car did not get him very far on the road home он проехал на машине лишь небольшую часть дороги домой; that did not get him very far on the road to fame это весьма незначительно способствовало его продвижению по пути славы; get smth., smb. to smb., smth. how can I get these things to you? как мне переправить вам эти вещи?; get the slaves to the north переправить рабов на север
    4) get smth., smb. into (through, from, out of, etc.) smth. I can't get the key into the lock я не могу вставить ключ в замок; help me get the pig into the cart помогите мне втащить поросенка в телегу: how can I get all these books into the bag? как мне запихнуть /засунуть, впихнуть/ все эти книги в портфель?; get the piano through the door протащить пианино в дверь; get the milk from the refrigerator for me достаньте мне молока из холодильника; get smth. out of the house выносить что-л. из дома; get a cork out of a bottle вытаскивать пробку из бутылки; get stains out of a coat выводить пятна с пиджака: get these things out of the way уберите эти вещи с дороги [, чтобы они не мешали]; get the man out of the house (the dog out of the room, etc.) выводить человека из дома и т. д.: get her out of the country помочь ей уехать или вывезти ее из страны /за границу/ || get smth. into one's head вбить себе что-л. в голову: he got it into his head that everybody was persecuting him он вбил себе в голову, что его все преследуют; get smth. out of one's head выбросить что-л. из головы; get the idea (the thing, it, the notion, etc.) out of one's head выбросить эту мысль и т. д. из головы, перестать об этом думать
    5) get smb., smth. into (through) smth. get him into Parliament (into their headquarters, etc.) провести /протащить/ его в парламент и т. д.; get smb. into the firm пристроить кого-л. в эту фирму; get a bill through Parliament (this measure through the house, etc.) провести /протащить/ законопроект в парламенте и т. д., he helped me to get my luggage through the customs он помог мне пройти таможенный досмотр; get a pupil through his examination вытащить ученика на экзамене; it was his mathematics that got him through entrance examinations он выдержал приемные экзамены благодаря тому, что хорошо знал математику; get an article into a paper поместить статьи в газете; get the report into print сдать доклад в печать
    6) get smb. by smth. get smb. by the hand (by the hair, by the throat, by the wrist. etc.) схватить кого-л. за руку и т. д.: get smth., smb. on (by) smth. I get all program (me)s on my TV-set мой телевизор принимает все программы; how many stations can you get on your radio set? сколько станций берет /принимает/ ваш приемник?; I can't get him on the phone я не могу связаться с ним по телефону; get smb. by phone (by radio, etc.) связаться с кем-л. по телефону и т. д.
    7) get smb. in (on, through, etc.) smth. the bullet got him in the leg (through the stomach, in the shoulder, etc.) пуля попала ему в ногу и т. д.; the blow got him on the head (in the mouth, on the back, etc.) удар пришелся ему по голове и т. д., get smth. in smth. get a splinter in one's finger занозить палец; get a bullet in the leg получить пулевое ранение в ногу
    8) get smb. into smth. get smb. into debt (into difficulties, into a fight, etc.) вовлекать кого-л. в долги и т. д., she got me into trouble у меня из-за нее /она втравила меня в/ неприятности; get smb. out of smth. get smb. out of a fix /out of difficulty/ вызволить кого-л. из затруднения; get the children out of this habit отучать детей от этой привычки || get smth., smb. off one's hands избавиться от чего-л., кого-л., сбыть что-л., кого-л. с рук; she wished she could get the old house (the useless books, her unmarried daughter, etc.) off her hands ей хотелись избавиться /освободиться/ от старого дома и т. д. /сбыть старый дом и т. д. с рук/
    9) get smth. of smth. get 5 years of hard labour получить пять лет каторжных работ; get smth. for smth. he got a stiff sentence for his crimes за совершенные преступления ему был вынесен суровый приговор
    10) have got smth., smb. in (at, on, etc.) smth. I have /I've/ got money in the bank (a flat in this house, a friend at the studio, etc.) у меня в банке [лежат] деньги и т. д. || he's got smth., smb. on the brain он все время о чем-л., о ком-л. думает
    17. XXII
    get smth. by doing smth. that's what you get by talking too much вот что ты получаешь /вот как ты расплачиваешься/ за болтливость; get a good price by bargaining поторговаться и получить хорошую цену; get smth. for doing smth. you'll get a beating for doing this тебе за это всыпят; you'll get it for breaking that vase! тебе крепко достанется за то, что ты разбил вазу!
    18. XXIV1
    get smth., smb. as smth. get L 10 as reward (a book as a consolation prize, the newcomer as assistant, etc.) получить десять фунтов в качестве вознаграждения и т. д.; I got this book as a present я получил эту книгу в подарок; we get L 20 as the average мы получаем в среднем двадцать фунтов
    19. XXVI
    get smb., smth. before... (when..., etc.) get him before he escapes схватить его до того, как он скроется; get the book when the price is reduced купить книгу, когда ее уценят

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > get

  • 7 under

    under ['ʌndə(r)]
    (a) (beneath, below) sous;
    ∎ the newspaper was under the chair/cushion le journal était sous la chaise/le coussin;
    ∎ the pantry is under the stairs le garde-manger est sous l'escalier;
    ∎ I can't see anything under it je ne vois rien (en) dessous;
    ∎ put it under that mettez-le là-dessous;
    ∎ there is a coat of paint under the wallpaper il y a une couche de peinture sous le papier peint;
    ∎ the body was lying under a sheet le cadavre était étendu sous un drap;
    ∎ he wore a white shirt under his jacket il portait une chemise blanche sous sa veste;
    ∎ he pulled a wallet from under his jersey il a sorti un portefeuille de sous son pull;
    ∎ he was carrying a paper under his arm il portait un journal sous le bras;
    ∎ hold your hand under the tap mettez votre main sous le robinet;
    ∎ stand under my umbrella mettez-vous sous mon parapluie;
    ∎ we took shelter under a tree nous nous sommes abrités sous un arbre;
    ∎ to be born under Aries/Leo être né sous le signe du Bélier/du Lion;
    ∎ it can only be seen under a microscope on ne peut le voir qu'au microscope;
    ∎ we had to crawl under the barbed wire on a dû passer sous les barbelés en rampant;
    ∎ you have to crawl under it il faut ramper dessous;
    ∎ the tunnel ran under the sea le tunnel passait sous la mer;
    ∎ she was swimming under water/under the bridge elle nageait sous l'eau/sous le pont;
    ∎ it's unlucky to walk under a ladder ça porte malheur de passer sous une échelle
    (b) (less than) moins de, au-dessous de;
    ∎ under £7,000 moins de 7000 livres;
    ∎ everything is under £5 tout est à moins de 5 livres;
    ∎ is she under 16? est-ce qu'elle a moins de 16 ans?;
    ∎ children under ten les enfants au-dessous ou de moins de dix ans;
    ∎ in under ten minutes en moins de dix minutes
    (c) (weighed down by) sous le poids de;
    ∎ he staggered under his heavy load il chancelait sous le poids de son lourd chargement;
    ∎ figurative to sink under the weight of one's debts sombrer sous le poids de ses dettes
    ∎ we had to work under appalling conditions on a dû travailler dans des conditions épouvantables;
    ∎ she was murdered under strange circumstances elle a été tuée dans d'étranges circonstances;
    ∎ under the circumstances vu les circonstances
    ∎ under duress/threat sous la contrainte/la menace
    (f) Medicine sous;
    ∎ under sedation/treatment sous calmants/traitement
    (g) (directed, governed by) sous (la direction de);
    ∎ he studied under Fox il a été l'élève de Fox;
    ∎ she has two assistants under her elle a deux assistants sous ses ordres;
    ∎ Music the Bristol Chamber Orchestra under Martin Davenport l'orchestre de (musique de) chambre de Bristol sous la direction de Martin Davenport;
    ∎ I served under General White j'ai servi sous le général White;
    ∎ the book describes Uganda under Amin le livre décrit l'Ouganda sous (le régime d')Amin Dada;
    ∎ to come under (the authority of) the Home Office relever du ministère de l'Intérieur;
    ∎ under her management, the firm prospered sous sa direction, l'entreprise a prospéré;
    ∎ under fascism, many groups were outlawed sous le régime fasciste, de nombreux groupes furent interdits
    (h) (according to) conformément à, en vertu de, selon;
    ∎ under the new law, all this will change avec la nouvelle loi, tout cela va changer;
    ∎ under the new law, elections will be held every four years en vertu de ou selon la nouvelle loi, les élections auront lieu tous les quatre ans;
    ∎ under the Emergency Powers Act conformément à la loi instituant l'état d'urgence;
    ∎ under this system, the President has little real power dans ce système, le Président a peu de pouvoir véritable;
    ∎ under (the terms of) his will/the agreement selon (les termes de) son testament/l'accord
    (i) (in the process of) en cours de;
    ∎ under construction en cours de construction;
    ∎ the matter is under consideration/discussion on est en train d'étudier/de discuter la question
    ∎ under wheat/barley en blé/orge
    ∎ you'll find the book under philosophy vous trouverez le livre sous la rubrique philosophie;
    ∎ you'll find my number under Magee vous trouverez mon numéro sous Magee;
    ∎ she writes under the name of Heidi Croft elle écrit sous le nom de Heidi Croft;
    ∎ few singers perform under their own name peu de chanteurs gardent leur vrai nom
    (a) (below ground, water, door etc)
    ∎ to slide or to slip under se glisser dessous;
    ∎ to pass under passer dessous;
    ∎ to stay under (under water) rester sous l'eau
    (b) Medicine (anaesthetized) sous l'effet de l'anesthésie
    (c) (less → in age, price)
    ∎ you have to be 16 or under to enter il faut avoir 16 ans ou moins pour se présenter;
    ∎ items at £20 and under des articles à 20 livres et au-dessous
    ✾ Play 'Under Milk Wood' Thomas 'Au bois lacté'
    ✾ Book 'Under Western Eyes' Conrad 'Sous les yeux de l'Occident'
    ✾ Book ✾ Film 'Under the Volcano' Lowry, Huston 'Au-dessous du volcan'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > under

  • 8 Ford, Henry

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1863 Dearborn, Michigan, USA
    d. 7 April 1947 Dearborn, Michigan, USA
    [br]
    American pioneer motor-car maker and developer of mass-production methods.
    [br]
    He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.
    At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.
    Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.
    Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.
    In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.
    In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.
    Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.
    Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1922, with S.Crowther, My Life and Work, London: Heinemann.
    Further Reading
    R.Lacey, 1986, Ford, the Men and the Machine, London: Heinemann. W.C.Richards, 1948, The Last Billionaire, Henry Ford, New York: Charles Scribner.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Ford, Henry

  • 9 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 10 to

    1. [tə,tu] preposition
    1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) proti, na
    2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) do
    3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) do
    4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.)
    5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.)
    6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) na
    7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) od; proti
    8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) po; na
    9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) da
    10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.)
    2. [tu:] adverb
    1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) v (skoraj) zaprtem stanju
    2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).)
    •
    * * *
    I [tu:, tu, tə]
    preposition (osnovni pomen k);
    1.
    (krajevno) k, proti, do, v, na, poleg, ob
    to arms! — k orožju!
    next door to us — sosedna vrata, tik poleg naših vrat (poleg nas)
    to take one's hat off to s.o. — odkriti se komu;
    2.
    (časovno) do
    to time — točno, pravočasno
    to live to a great age — doživeti visoko starost;
    3.
    (namera, cilj, posledica ipd.)
    as to... — kar se tiče...
    to you colloquially vam na uslugo
    to what purpose? — čemú?
    dead fallen to their hands — mrtvi, ki so padli od njihove roke
    that is nothing to me — to se me ne tiče; to ni nič zame
    what is that to you? — kaj te to briga?
    to come to hand — priti v roke, v posest
    here's to you! — na tvoje (vaše) zdravje!
    to drink to s.o.'s health — piti na zdravje kake osebe, nazdraviti komu
    would to God (Heaven)! — daj bog!;
    4.
    (stopnja, mera, meja)
    to the full — do sitega, do mile voije
    to a great extent — v veliki meri, zelo
    they were to the number of 400 — bilo jih je 400;
    5.
    (pripadnost, posest)
    that is all there is to it — to je vse in nič več;
    6.
    (odnos, razmerje)
    aversion to s.th. — odpor do česa
    nothing to... — nič v primeri z...
    to all appearance — po vsem videzu, po vsej priliki
    to my (your etc) heart's desire — po moji (tvoji itd.) mili volji
    the score — is ɜ to ɔ sport rezultat je ɜ:ɔ
    three to dozen — tri na ducat;
    7.
    (rabi za tvorbo dajalnika)
    she was a good mother to him — bila mu je dobra mati;
    8.
    (za oznako nedoločnika, pred nedoločnikom)
    there is no one to see us — nikogar ni, ki bi nas videl
    what am I to do? — kaj naj naredim?
    he was seen to fall — videli so ga, kako je padel
    we expect her — to come pričakujemo, da bo prišla
    to be honest, I should decline — če hočem biti pošten, moram odkloniti;
    9.
    (kot nadomestilo za predhodni nedoločnik)
    I don't go because I don't want to — ne grem, ker nočem (iti)
    I meant to ring you up but had no time to — nameraval sem vam telefonirati, pa nisem imel časa (telefonirati)
    II [tu:]
    adverb
    v normalnem (zlasti zaprtem) stanju; v mirnem položaju
    to and fro, to and back — sem in tja
    to bring s.o. to — spraviti koga k zavesti
    to come to — priti k sebi, zavedeti se, osvestiti se
    to fall to — planiti (na jed, jedačo)
    to set to — lotiti se dela, pravilno začeti

    English-Slovenian dictionary > to

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